ArticlePloS one2010
In macrophages, caspase-1 activation by SopE and the type III secretion system-1 of S. typhimurium can proceed in the absence of flagellin.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The interplay betweenCell insight · 2025Review
- Review
- Pyroptosis regulation byFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Programmed cell death andFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- RhoGTPases and inflammasomes: Guardians of effector-triggered immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Article
- Host Cell Death Responses to Non-typhoidalFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Immunization with recombinant Salmonella expressing SspH2-EscI protects mice against wild type Salmonella infection.BMC veterinary research · 2018Article
- Minimal SPI1-T3SS effector requirement for Salmonella enterocyte invasion and intracellular proliferation in vivo.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Checks and Balances between Autophagy and Inflammasomes during Infection.Journal of molecular biology · 2018Review
- Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri Activate the NLRP1B Inflammasome.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Recombinant Salmonella expressing SspH2-EscI fusion protein limits its colonization in mice.BMC immunology · 2017Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 isolates that cause bacteremia in humans stimulate less inflammasome activation than ST19 isolates associated with gastroenteritis.Pathogens and disease · 2015Article
- Oxidative metabolism enables Salmonella evasion of the NLRP3 inflammasome.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2014Article
- Caspase-1-dependent and -independent cell death pathways in Burkholderia pseudomallei infection of macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Detection of enteric pathogens by the nodosome.Trends in immunology · 2014Review
- The SPI-1-like Type III secretion system: more roles than you think.Frontiers in plant science · 2014Review
- Responses of macrophages against Salmonella infection compared with phagocytosis.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2013Article
- Salmonella as a vaccine delivery vehicle.Expert review of vaccines · 2013Review
- The role of inflammasome modulation in virulence.Virulence · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The innate immune system is of vital importance for protection against infectious pathogens. Inflammasome mediated caspase-1 activation and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1beta and IL-18 is an important arm of the innate immune system. Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, SL1344) is an enteropathogenic bacterium causing diarrheal diseases. Different reports have shown that in macrophages, S. Typhimurium may activate caspase-1 by at least three different types of stimuli: flagellin, the type III secretion system 1 (T1) and the T1 effector protein SopE. However, the relative importance and interdependence of the different factors in caspase-1 activation is still a matter of debate. Here, we have analyzed their relative contributions to caspase-1 activation in LPS-pretreated RAW264.7 macrophages. Using flagellar mutants (fliGHI, flgK) and centrifugation to mediate pathogen-host cell contact, we show that flagellins account for a small part of the caspase-1 activation in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, functional flagella are of key importance for motility and host cell attachment which is a prerequisite for mediating caspase-1 activation via these three stimuli. Using site directed mutants lacking several T1 effector proteins and flagellin expression, we found that SopE elicits caspase-1 activation even when flagellins are absent. In contrast, disruption of essential genes of the T1 protein injection system (invG, sipB) completely abolished caspase-1 activation. However, a robust level of caspase-1 activation is retained by the T1 system (or unidentified T1 effectors) in the absence of flagellin and SopE. T1-mediated inflammasome activation is in line with recent work by others and suggests that the T1 system itself may represent the basic caspase-1 activating stimulus in RAW264.7 macrophages which is further enhanced independently by SopE and/or flagellin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.