ArticleJournal of neuroscience methods2010
Ketamine-xylazine anesthesia causes hyperopic refractive shift in mice.
Article in Journal of neuroscience methods, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alfaxalone-Based Anesthetic Combinations to Minimize Anesthesia-Induced Transient Lens Opacity in Rats (Rattus norvegicus).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Study of conditions to evaluate light hypersensitivity in a light-dark box using a mouse model and a mydriatic.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Rapamycin Alleviates Neuronal Injury and Modulates Microglial Activation After Cerebral Ischemia.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Mice LackingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice.Laboratory animal research · 2022Review
- Genome-wide analysis of retinal transcriptome reveals common genetic network underlying perception of contrast and optical defocus detection.BMC medical genomics · 2021Article
- Prolonged ocular exposure leads to retinal lesions in mice.Experimental eye research · 2019Article
- Analysis of genetic networks regulating refractive eye development in collaborative cross progenitor strain mice reveals new genes and pathways underlying human myopia.BMC medical genomics · 2019Article
- The effect of topical administration of cyclopentolate on ocular biometry: An analysis for mouse and human models.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- APLP2 Regulates Refractive Error and Myopia Development in Mice and Humans.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- Photopic visual input is necessary for emmetropization in mice.Experimental eye research · 2013Article
- Investigating mechanisms of myopia in mice.Experimental eye research · 2013Review
- Variational analysis of the mouse and rat eye optical parameters.Biomedical optics express · 2013Article
- Objective and subjective refractive error measurements in monkeys.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2012Article
- Optical properties of the mouse eye.Biomedical optics express · 2011Article
- Single-shot dimension measurements of the mouse eye using SD-OCT.Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging : the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the EyeArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mice have increasingly been used as a model for studies of myopia. The key to successful use of mice for myopia research is the ability to obtain accurate measurements of refractive status of their eyes. In order to obtain accurate measurements of refractive errors in mice, the refraction needs to be performed along the optical axis of the eye. This represents a particular challenge, because mice are very difficult to immobilize. Recently, ketamine-xylazine anesthesia has been used to immobilize mice before measuring refractive errors, in combination with tropicamide ophthalmic solution to induce mydriasis. Although these drugs have increasingly been used while refracting mice, their effects on the refractive state of the mouse eye have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we have analyzed the effects of tropicamide eye drops and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia on refraction in P40 C57BL/6J mice. We have also explored two alternative methods to immobilize mice, i.e. the use of a restraining platform and pentobarbital anesthesia. We found that tropicamide caused a very small, but statistically significant, hyperopic shift in refraction. Pentobarbital did not have any substantial effect on refractive status, whereas ketamine-xylazine caused a large and highly significant hyperopic shift in refraction. We also found that the use of a restraining platform represents good alternative for immobilization of mice prior to refraction. Thus, our data suggest that ketamine-xylazine anesthesia should be avoided in studies of refractive development in mice and underscore the importance of providing appropriate experimental conditions when measuring refractive errors in mice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.