ArticleHuman genetics2010
Long-term balancing selection maintains trans-specific polymorphisms in the human TRIM5 gene.
Article in Human genetics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- New Insights Into the Evolution of Immune Adaptors in Murid Rodents.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Article
- Robust and accurate Bayesian inference of genome-wide genealogies for hundreds of genomes.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Balancing selection on the complement system of a wild rodent.BMC ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Evolutionary history of type II transmembrane serine proteases involved in viral priming.Human genetics · 2022Article
- Diverse functions associate with non-coding polymorphisms shared between humans and chimpanzees.BMC ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Large-scale fungal strain sequencing unravels the molecular diversity in mating loci maintained by long-term balancing selection.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Trans-specific polymorphism and the convergent evolution of supertypes in major histocompatibility complex class II genes in darters (Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Balancing Selection Drives the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in Drosophila Antimicrobial Peptides.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Signatures of Long-Term Balancing Selection in Human Genomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Recent evolution of the salivary mucin MUC7.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Trans-species polymorphism in humans and the great apes is generally maintained by balancing selection that modulates the host immune response.Human genomics · 2015Review
- Contrasted patterns of variation and evolutionary convergence at the antiviral OAS1 gene in old world primates.Immunogenetics · 2015Article
- Trans-Species Polymorphism in Immune Genes: General Pattern or MHC-Restricted Phenomenon?Journal of immunology research · 2015Review
- Ancient and recent selective pressures shaped genetic diversity at AIM2-like nucleic acid sensors.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
- Pressure from TRIM5α contributes to control of HIV-1 replication by individuals expressing protective HLA-B alleles.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- High level of susceptibility to human TRIM5α conferred by HIV-2 capsid sequences.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Article
- Nonhuman primate models in the genomic era: a paradigm shift.ILAR journal · 2013Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human TRIM5 genes encodes a retroviral restriction factor (TRIM5α). Evolutionary analyses of this gene in mammals have revealed a complex and multifaceted scenario, suggesting that TRIM5 has been the target of exceptionally strong selective pressures, possibly exerted by recurrent waves of retroviral infections. TRIM5 displays inter-individual expression variability in humans and high levels of TRIM5 mRNA have been associated with a reduced risk of HIV-1 infection. We resequenced TRIM5 in chimpanzees and identified two polymorphisms in intron 1 that are shared with humans. Analysis of the gene region encompassing the two trans-specific variants in human populations identified exceptional nucleotide diversity levels and an excess of polymorphism compared to fixed divergence. Most tests rejected the null hypothesis of neutral evolution for this region and haplotype analysis revealed the presence of two deeply separated clades. Calculation of the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for TRIM5 haplotypes yielded estimates ranging between 4 and 7 million years. Overall, these data indicate that long-term balancing selection, an extremely rare process outside MHC genes, has maintained trans-specific polymorphisms in the first intron of TRIM5. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that variants in intron 1 may affect transcription factor-binding sites and, therefore, TRIM5 transcriptional activity. Data herein confirm an extremely complex evolutionary history of TRIM5 genes in primates and open the possibility that regulatory variants in the gene modulate the susceptibility to HIV-1.
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