ArticleMicrobial ecology2011
Molecular studies of microbial community structure on stained pages of Leonardo da Vinci's Atlantic Codex.
Article in Microbial ecology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the key deteriorative microorganisms on ancient ivories unearthed from the Sanxingdui Ruins site during temporary cold storage.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Imaging and micro-invasive analyses of black stains on the passepartout of Codex Atlanticus Folio 843 by Leonardo da Vinci.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Microbiome of Leonardo da Vinci's Drawings: A Bio-Archive of Their History.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Microbial diversity in biodeteriorated Greek historical documents dating back to the 19th and 20th century: A case study.MicrobiologyOpen · 2018Article
- Melding the Old with the New: Trends in Methods Used to Identify, Monitor, and Control Microorganisms on Cultural Heritage Materials.Microbial ecology · 2018Review
- Not stealing from the treasure chest (or just a bit): Analyses on plant derived writing supports and non-invasive DNA sampling.PloS one · 2018Article
- Microbial Community Analyses of the Deteriorated Storeroom Objects in the Tianjin Museum Using Culture-Independent and Culture-Dependent Approaches.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- The microbial community characteristics of ancient painted sculptures in Maijishan Grottoes, China.PloS one · 2017Article
- Evaluation of a Parchment Document, the 13th Century Incorporation Charter for the City of Krakow, Poland, for Microbial Hazards.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Amid the possible causes of a very famous foxing: molecular and microscopic insight into Leonardo da Vinci's self-portrait.Environmental microbiology reports · 2015Article
- Microbiological Analysis of Surfaces of Leonardo Da Vinci's Atlantic Codex: Biodeterioration Risk.International journal of microbiology · 2014Article
- Efficacy of zosteric acid sodium salt on the yeast biofilm model Candida albicans.Microbial ecology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2006, after a visual inspection of the Leonardo da Vinci's Atlantic Codex by a scholar, active molds were reported to have been present on Codex pages showing areas of staining. In the present paper, molecular methods were used to assess the current microbiological risk to stained pages of the manuscript. Bacterial and fungal communities were sampled by a non-invasive technique employing nitrocellulose membranes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16 S rRNA gene and internal transcribed space regions were carried out to study the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities and band patterns were analyzed by the multivariate technique of principal component analysis. Any relationship between the presence of an active microbial community and staining was excluded. The presence of potential biodeteriogens was evaluated by constructing bacterial and fungal clone libraries, analyzing them by an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) approach. Among the bacteria, some OTUs were associated with species found on floors in clean room while others were identified with human skin contamination. Some fungal OTU representatives were potential biodeteriogens that, under proper thermo-hygrometric conditions, could grow. The retrieval of these potential biodeteriogens and microorganisms related to human skin suggests the need for a continuous and rigorous monitoring of the environmental conditions, and the need to improve handling procedures.
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Registered trials
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