Trial reportPsychoneuroendocrinology2011
Differences in regional brain metabolism associated with specific formulations of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women at risk for AD.
Trial report in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on cognition.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The historical progression of positron emission tomography research in neuroendocrinology.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Is Hormone Replacement Therapy a Risk Factor or a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Distinct cognitive effects of estrogen and progesterone in menopausal women.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2015Trial
- Trial
- The Impact of Estradiol Dynamics During the Menopause Transition on Depression Risk: A Narrative Review of Estradiol's Neurobiological Mechanisms.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Estradiol and Micronized Progesterone: A Narrative Review About Their Use as Hormone Replacement Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Metabolic Profiling in Plasma and Brain Induced by 17β-Estradiol Supplementation in Ovariectomized Mice.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Estradiol-mediated modulation of memory and of the underlying dendritic spine plasticity through the life span.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Article
- Estradiol enhanced neuronal plasticity and ameliorated astrogliosis in human iPSC-derived neural models.Regenerative therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- Associations Between Midlife Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use, Incident Diabetes, and Late Life Memory in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Endogenous and Exogenous Estrogen Exposures: How Women's Reproductive Health Can Drive Brain Aging and Inform Alzheimer's Prevention.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Precision hormone therapy: identification of positive responders.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2021Review
- Society Position Statements on Bio-Identical Hormones-Misinformation Leads to a Dilemma in Women's Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Utilization of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-DerivedFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- Friend vs. Foe: Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Women With Different Hormonal States.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Differential cerebral metabolic effects of various hormone therapy formulations, and their associations with cognitive status, remain to be established. The principal aim of the current study was to assess relationships between regional cerebral metabolism and estrogen-based hormone therapies. Postmenopausal women (n=53) at elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were on estrogen-containing hormone therapy for at least one year prior to enrollment in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Subjects underwent an FDG-PET scan, along with neuropsychological, medical, and demographic assessments at time of enrollment, to be repeated one year following randomization to hormone therapy continuation versus discontinuation, and results from analyses of the baseline assessments are reported here. Across all subjects, years of endogenous estrogen exposure correlated most closely with metabolism in right superior frontal gyrus (p<0.0005). Women taking 17β-estradiol (E) performed three standard deviations higher in verbal memory than women taking conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), and their verbal memory performance positively correlated with metabolism in Wernicke's (p=0.003) and auditory association (p=0.002) areas. Women taking progesterone-plus-estrogen had lower metabolism than women taking unopposed estrogen within the mesial and inferior lateral temporal regions (p<0.0005) and the inferior frontal cortex, contralateral to Broca's area (p<0.0005). In conclusion, particular areas of relatively preserved metabolism were seen in women with more years of endogenous estrogen exposure, as well as in women taking estradiol-based formulations or estrogen therapies unopposed by progesterone, together suggesting regionally specific neuroprotective estrogenic effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.