ArticlePLoS pathogens2010
HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seminal Tenofovir Concentrations, Viral Suppression, and Semen Quality With Tenofovir Alafenamide, Compared With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network, PreEC/RIS 40).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Once-daily darunavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg in triple therapy: efficacy and penetration in seminal compartment in ANRS-165 DARULIGHT study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Compartmentalized replication of R5 T cell-tropic HIV-1 in the central nervous system early in the course of infection.PLoS pathogens · 2015Trial
- The semen microbiome and its relationship with local immunology and viral load in HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Ultrasensitive single-genome sequencing reveals strong purifying selection in acute HIV-1 infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The genomic sequence of packaged viral ribonucleic acid predicts mucosal HIV-1 transmission fitness.iScience · 2026Article
- Cytokine Concentrations in Seminal Plasma and Blood in HIV Infection: Differential Modulation by Antiretroviral Therapy and Association with HIV RNA Levels and CD4International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Alterations in Semen Quality and Immune-Related Factors in Men with Infertility who Recovered from COVID-19.MedComm · 2025Article
- Unraveling The Impact of Viral Infections on Sperm Genetic Stability: A Scoping Review.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2025Article
- Update on known and emergent viruses affecting human male genital tract and fertility.Basic and clinical andrology · 2024Review
- Article
- Are sexually transmitted infections associated with male infertility? A systematic review and in-depth evaluation of the evidence and mechanisms of action of 11 pathogens.Arab journal of urology · 2023Review
- Human seminal virome: a panel based on recent literature.Basic and clinical andrology · 2022Review
- Genitourinary Infections Related to Circumcision and the Potential Impact on Male Infertility.The world journal of men's health · 2022Review
- Viral Infections and Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Review
- Tale of Viruses in Male Infertility.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Effects of Urethritis on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Semen: Implications for HIV Prevention and Cure.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.