ArticlePLoS genetics2010
A global overview of the genetic and functional diversity in the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host andGut microbes · 2026Article
- Potential pathogenesis ofFuture science OA · 2026Article
- Review
- Invasive guests: the role of non-oral bacteria in oral dysbiosis and systemic health.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Analysis of antibiotic resistance and cagPAI variability in Helicobacter pylori strains from Malaysian patients.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization of fourGut microbes · 2025Article
- Global diversity of integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- UnravelingVaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- Plant-derived extracts or compounds for Helicobacter-associated gastritis: a systematic review of their anti-Helicobacter activity and anti-inflammatory effect in animal experiments.Chinese medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Insights into Functions of Universal Stress Proteins Encoded by Genomes of Gastric Cancer PathogenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: mechanisms and new perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Functional and intricate interaction network connectingmicroLife · 2025Article
- Immunobiological effects of lipopolysaccharide derived from Helicobacter pylori and influence of a proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Folia microbiologica · 2024Article
- Microbial composition of gastric lesions: differences based on Helicobacter pylori virulence profile.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric biopsy.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Characterization ofThe Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Roles of the components of theFuture microbiology · 2024Review
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) encodes a type IV secretion system. Humans infected with cagPAI-carrying H. pylori are at increased risk for sequelae such as gastric cancer. Housekeeping genes in H. pylori show considerable genetic diversity; but the diversity of virulence factors such as the cagPAI, which transports the bacterial oncogene CagA into host cells, has not been systematically investigated. Here we compared the complete cagPAI sequences for 38 representative isolates from all known H. pylori biogeographic populations. Their gene content and gene order were highly conserved. The phylogeny of most cagPAI genes was similar to that of housekeeping genes, indicating that the cagPAI was probably acquired only once by H. pylori, and its genetic diversity reflects the isolation by distance that has shaped this bacterial species since modern humans migrated out of Africa. Most isolates induced IL-8 release in gastric epithelial cells, indicating that the function of the Cag secretion system has been conserved despite some genetic rearrangements. More than one third of cagPAI genes, in particular those encoding cell-surface exposed proteins, showed signatures of diversifying (Darwinian) selection at more than 5% of codons. Several unknown gene products predicted to be under Darwinian selection are also likely to be secreted proteins (e.g. HP0522, HP0535). One of these, HP0535, is predicted to code for either a new secreted candidate effector protein or a protein which interacts with CagA because it contains two genetic lineages, similar to cagA. Our study provides a resource that can guide future research on the biological roles and host interactions of cagPAI proteins, including several whose function is still unknown.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.