ArticlePloS one2010
Genetic code mutations: the breaking of a three billion year invariance.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Residue-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Auxotrophic Hosts:Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Triphasic Development of the Genetic Code.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Multiomics Analysis Provides Insight into the Laboratory Evolution ofACS central science · 2021Article
- Biochemistry of fluoroprolines: the prospect of making fluorine a bioelement.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2021Review
- Emerging Methods for Efficient and Extensive Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids Using Cell-Free Systems.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Review
- Rewriting the Genetic Code.Annual review of microbiology · 2017Review
- Efforts and Challenges in Engineering the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Future of the Genetic Code.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Coevolution Theory of the Genetic Code at Age Forty: Pathway to Translation and Synthetic Life.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Mutations enabling displacement of tryptophan by 4-fluorotryptophan as a canonical amino acid of the genetic code.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
- Simplification of the genetic code: restricted diversity of genetically encoded amino acids.Nucleic acids research · 2012Article
- Complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis strain QB928, a strain widely used in B. subtilis genetic studies.Journal of bacteriology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genetic code has been unchanging for some three billion years in its canonical ensemble of encoded amino acids, as indicated by the universal adoption of this ensemble by all known organisms. Code mutations beginning with the encoding of 4-fluoro-Trp by Bacillus subtilis, initially replacing and eventually displacing Trp from the ensemble, first revealed the intrinsic mutability of the code. This has since been confirmed by a spectrum of other experimental code alterations in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To shed light on the experimental conversion of a rigidly invariant code to a mutating code, the present study examined code mutations determining the propagation of Bacillus subtilis on Trp and 4-, 5- and 6-fluoro-tryptophans. The results obtained with the mutants with respect to cross-inhibitions between the different indole amino acids, and the growth effects of individual nutrient withdrawals rendering essential their biosynthetic pathways, suggested that oligogenic barriers comprising sensitive proteins which malfunction with amino acid analogues provide effective mechanisms for preserving the invariance of the code through immemorial time, and mutations of these barriers open up the code to continuous change.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.