ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2010
Broad conservation of milk utilization genes in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis as revealed by comparative genomic hybridization.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 135 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Infant Supplementation With Probiotic Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Infantis Study
Establishing a Milk Oriented Microbiota in Healthy Term Infants
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review on Effect of Bifidobacterium Isolated from Skin Microbiota on GLP-1 Production to Alleviate Human Ailments.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Early probiotic supplementation with B. infantis in breastfed infants leads to persistent colonization at 1 year.Pediatric research · 2022Trial
- Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics and OPO on Infancy Fecal Microbiota: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Trial
- Comparison of the compositions of the stool microbiotas of infants fed goat milk formula, cow milk-based formula, or breast milk.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Trial
- Bifidobacterial succession and correlation networks in a large unselected cohort of mothers and their children.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Trial
- Dynamic Succession of the Early-Life Gut Microbiota and the Regulatory Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Development of gut microbiota composition in captive Asian elephants: a year-long analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neonatal faecal abundance ofGut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Seeding and feeding: nutrition and birth-associated exposures shape gut microbiome assembly in breastfed infants.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Integrative genomic reconstruction reveals heterogeneity in carbohydrate utilization across human gut bifidobacteria.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Bifidobacterium deficit in United States infants drives prevalent gut dysbiosis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Integrative genomic reconstruction reveals heterogeneity in carbohydrate utilization across human gut bifidobacteria.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Persistent reduction ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impact ofNutrients · 2024Review
- Bifidobacterium longum and microbiome maturation modify a nutrient intervention for stunting in Zimbabwean infants.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Combining Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis and human milk oligosaccharides synergistically increases short chain fatty acid production ex vivo.Communications biology · 2024Article
- MAGinator enables accurate profiling of de novo MAGs with strain-level phylogenies.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Variation in the Conservation of Species-Specific Gene Sets for HMO Degradation and Its Effects on HMO Utilization in Bifidobacteria.Nutrients · 2024Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third-largest solid component of milk. Their structural complexity renders them nondigestible to the host but liable to hydrolytic enzymes of the infant colonic microbiota. Bifidobacteria and, frequently, Bifidobacterium longum strains predominate the colonic microbiota of exclusively breast-fed infants. Among the three recognized subspecies of B. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis achieves high levels of cell growth on HMOs and is associated with early colonization of the infant gut. The B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 genome features five distinct gene clusters with the predicted capacity to bind, cleave, and import milk oligosaccharides. Comparative genomic hybridizations (CGHs) were used to associate genotypic biomarkers among 15 B. longum strains exhibiting various HMO utilization phenotypes and host associations. Multilocus sequence typing provided taxonomic subspecies designations and grouped the strains between B. longum subsp. infantis and B. longum subsp. longum. CGH analysis determined that HMO utilization gene regions are exclusively conserved across all B. longum subsp. infantis strains capable of growth on HMOs and have diverged in B. longum subsp. longum strains that cannot grow on HMOs. These regions contain fucosidases, sialidases, glycosyl hydrolases, ABC transporters, and family 1 solute binding proteins and are likely needed for efficient metabolism of HMOs. Urea metabolism genes and their activity were exclusively conserved in B. longum subsp. infantis. These results imply that the B. longum has at least two distinct subspecies: B. longum subsp. infantis, specialized to utilize milk carbon, and B. longum subsp. longum, specialized for plant-derived carbon metabolism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.