ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2010
Inclusion of women and gender-specific analyses in randomized clinical trials of treatments for depression.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gender bias in clinical trials of biological agents for severe asthma: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Doubly blind: a systematic review of gender in randomised controlled trials.Global health action · 2016Pooled it
- Air ions and mood outcomes: a review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2013Pooled it
- Representation of women and pregnant women in HIV research: a limited systematic review.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Lack of association between pretreatment glutamate/GABA and major depressive disorder treatment response.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Randomized cost-effectiveness trial of group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for prisoners with major depression.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2019Trial
- Study protocol: Hybrid Type I cost-effectiveness and implementation study of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for men and women prisoners with major depression.Contemporary clinical trials · 2016Trial
- Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder.Journal of psychiatric research · 2012Trial
- High alpha oscillations in portable prefrontal EEG indicate gender-sensitive biomarkers for emotional disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Sex-Specific Disparities in Cardiovascular Diseases: Biological Mechanisms, Diagnostic-Therapeutic Differences, and Translational Medicine Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Hearing the Silence and Silenced: Co-Producing Research on Infant-Feeding Experiences and Practices With Black Women With HIV.Sociology of health & illness · 2025Article
- Sex and gender reporting in RCTs of internet and mobile-based interventions for depression and anxiety in chronic conditions: A secondary analysis of a systematic review.PLOS mental health · 2024Article
- Depression in Women: Potential Biological and Sociocultural Factors Driving the Sex Effect.Neuropsychobiology · 2024Review
- Sex-differences in prostaglandin signaling: a semi-systematic review and characterization of PTGDS expression in human sensory neurons.Scientific reports · 2023Review
- Gender differences in spontaneous adverse event reports associated with zolpidem in South Korea, 2015-2019.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Therapeutics for Substance-Using Women: The Need to Elucidate Sex-Specific Targets for Better-Tailored Treatments.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- Just a Reflection: Does Drug Repurposing Perpetuate Sex-Gender Bias in the Safety Profile?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Analysis of Female Enrollment and Participant Sex by Burden of Disease in US Clinical Trials Between 2000 and 2020.JAMA network open · 2021Observational
- Ovarian hormones modify anxiety behavior and glucocorticoid receptors after chronic social isolation stress.Behavioural brain research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe higher prevalence and cost of depression for women compared with men and the possible gender differences in treatment response demand the inclusion of women in clinical trials of depression treatments. The 1993 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act set a new standard, requiring investigators to consider the inclusion of women and analyze outcomes by gender, yet compliance with these standards in depression research has not been examined systematically. The purpose of this study is to examine the inclusion of women and gender-specific analyses in recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for depression.
methodsRCTs were identified through a MEDLINE search for trials published between January 1 and December 31, 2007, and a Clinicaltrials.gov search of self-identified interventional studies to treat depression.
resultsOf the 150 RCTs for depression published in 2007, 15% did not report the gender composition of their sample, 50% of studies did not analyze outcomes by gender, and 12% controlled for gender but did not analyze for gender differences. Of the 768 trials reviewed on Clinicaltrials.gov, 89% reported recruiting male and female participants, yet <1% reported an intention to analyze results by gender.
conclusionsMany recent studies of depression treatments include women but do not examine outcomes by gender. Understanding how women differ from men in response to treatment is critical for enhancing treatment efficacy for the greatest number of adults with depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.