Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20739755›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2010

Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces Ixodes scapularis ticks to express an antifreeze glycoprotein gene that enhances their survival in the cold.

Girish Neelakanta, Hameeda Sultana, Durland Fish, John F Anderson, Erol Fikrig

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
116citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

116 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Article
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  6. Advances in the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control ixodid ticks.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. The replication rate ofmicroPublication biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Impact of climate change on the tick-host-pathogen complex: distribution patterns, disease incidence, and host infestation.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025
    Review
  17. Molecular Detection ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Girish NeelakantaSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8022, USA.
Hameeda Sultana
Durland Fish
John F Anderson
Erol Fikrig

Funding

Howard Hughes Medical InstitutePHS HHS 32947PHS HHS 41440
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States, Ixodes scapularis ticks overwinter in the Northeast and Upper Midwest and transmit the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, among other pathogens. We now show that the presence of A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis ticks increases their ability to survive in the cold. We identified an I. scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein, designated IAFGP, and demonstrated via RNAi knockdown studies the importance of IAFGP for the survival of I. scapularis ticks in a cold environment. Transfection studies also show that IAFGP increased the viability of yeast cells subjected to cold temperature. Remarkably, A. phagocytophilum induced the expression of iafgp, thereby increasing the cold tolerance and survival of I. scapularis. These data define a molecular basis for symbiosis between a human pathogenic bacterium and its arthropod vector and delineate what we believe to be a new pathway that may be targeted to alter the life cycle of this microbe and its invertebrate host.

Indexed as

Anaplasma phagocytophilumAnaplasmosisAnimalsAntifreeze ProteinsArthropod VectorsCold TemperatureHumansIxodesUnited StatesAntifreeze Proteins

Identifiers

PMID20739755
PMCPMC2929727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.