ArticleJournal of immune based therapies and vaccines2010
PCEP enhances IgA mucosal immune responses in mice following different immunization routes with influenza virus antigens.
Article in Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Nano-Assembled Polyphosphazene Delivery System Enables Effective Intranasal Immunization with Nipah Virus Subunit Vaccine.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Stimulating immunoglobulin response by intramuscular delivery of exopolysaccharides-adjuvanted mannheimiosis vaccine in goats.Veterinary world · 2022Article
- Kinome Analysis to Define Mechanisms of Adjuvant Action: PCEP Induces Unique Signaling at the Injection Site and Lymph Nodes.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Improvement of RG1-VLP vaccine performance in BALB/c mice by substitution of alhydrogel with the next generation polyphosphazene adjuvant PCEP.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants: Historical perspective and recent advances.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2021Review
- Polyphosphazenes as Adjuvants for Animal Vaccines and Other Medical Applications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Properties and applications of nanoparticle/microparticle conveyors with adjuvant characteristics suitable for oral vaccination.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Review
- Co-delivery of GPI-anchored CCL28 and influenza HA in chimeric virus-like particles induces cross-protective immunity against H3N2 viruses.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2016Article
- Caspase-1 Dependent IL-1β Secretion and Antigen-Specific T-Cell Activation by the Novel Adjuvant, PCEP.Vaccines · 2014Article
- Future vaccines for a globalized world.Emerging microbes & infections · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe previously demonstrated that polyphosphazenes, particularly PCEP, enhance immune responses in mice immunized subcutaneously and intranasally. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of polyphosphazenes as adjuvants when delivered through different routes of vaccine administration.
methodsBALB/c mice were immunized through intranasal, subcutaneous, oral and intrarectal delivery with vaccine formulations containing either influenza X:31 antigen alone or formulated in PCEP. Serum and mucosal washes were collected and assayed for antigen-specific antibody responses by ELISA, while splenocytes were assayed for antigen-specific cytokine production by ELISPOT.
resultsIntranasal immunization with PCEP+X:31 induced significantly higher IgA titers in all mucosal secretions (lung, nasal, and vaginal) compared to the other routes. Serum analysis showed that all mice given the PCEP+X:31 combination showed evidence of enhanced IgG2a titers in all administered routes, indicating that PCEP can be effective as an adjuvant in enhancing systemic immune responses when delivered via different routes of administration.
conclusionsWe conclude that PCEP is a potent and versatile mucosal adjuvant that can be administered in a variety of routes and effectively enhances systemic and local immune responses. Furthermore, intranasal immunization was found to be the best administration route for enhancing IgA titers, providing further evidence for the potential of PCEP as a mucosal adjuvant.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.