ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Evolutionary origin of a functional gonadotropin in the pituitary of the most primitive vertebrate, hagfish.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relaxin-like Gonad-Stimulating Peptides in Asteroidea.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Crystal structure of LGR ligand α2/β5 fromProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Cell Communications among Microorganisms, Plants, and Animals: Origin, Evolution, and Interplays.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Synteny and phylogenetic analysis of paralogous thyrostimulin beta subunits (GpB5) in vertebrates.PloS one · 2019Article
- The genome of the oyster Saccostrea offers insight into the environmental resilience of bivalves.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2018Article
- Insights Into Sexual Maturation and Reproduction in the Norway Lobster (Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- TSH Receptor Cleavage Into Subunits and Shedding of the A-Subunit; A Molecular and Clinical Perspective.Endocrine reviews · 2016Review
- Withdrawn: TSH Receptor Cleavage Into Subunits and Shedding of the A-Subunit; A Molecular and Clinical Perspective.Endocrine reviews · 2016Review
- Thyrostimulin Regulates Osteoblastic Bone Formation During Early Skeletal Development.Endocrinology · 2015Article
- GnRH, anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--where are we?Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2015Review
- Redirecting intracellular trafficking and the secretion pattern of FSH dramatically enhances ovarian function in mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Article
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal endocrine system in the hagfish.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2013Review
- Glycoprotein hormone in the pituitary of hagfish and its evolutionary implications.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2013Review
- Article
- Expression of three GnRH receptors in specific tissues in male and female sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus at three distinct life stages.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2013Article
- Emergence and evolution of the glycoprotein hormone and neurotrophin gene families in vertebrates.BMC evolutionary biology · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hagfish, which lack both jaws and vertebrae, are considered the most primitive vertebrate known, living or extinct. Hagfish have long been the enigma of vertebrate evolution not only because of their evolutionary position, but also because of our lack of knowledge on fundamental processes. Key elements of the reproductive endocrine system in hagfish have yet to be elucidated. Here, the presence and identity of a functional glycoprotein hormone (GPH) have been elucidated from the brown hagfish Paramyxine atami. The hagfish GPH consists of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are synthesized and colocalized in the same cells of the adenohypophysis. The cellular and transcriptional activities of hagfish GPHalpha and -beta were significantly correlated with the developmental stages of the gonad. The purified native GPH induced the release of gonadal sex steroids in vitro. From our phylogenetic analysis, we propose that ancestral glycoprotein alpha-subunit 2 (GPA2) and beta-subunit 5 (GPB5) gave rise to GPHalpha and GPHbeta of the vertebrate glycoprotein hormone family, respectively. The identified hagfish GPHalpha and -beta subunits appear to be the typical gnathostome GPHalpha and -beta subunits based on the sequence and phylogenetic analyses. We hypothesize that the identity of a single functional GPH of the hagfish, hagfish GTH, provides critical evidence for the existence of a pituitary-gonadal system in the earliest divergent vertebrate that likely evolved from an ancestral, prevertebrate exclusively neuroendocrine mechanism by gradual emergence of a previously undescribed control level, the pituitary, which is not found in the Protochordates.
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