SynthesisJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2010
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
209 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 467 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined family-based association and linkage analyses in families affected by attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Human genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review of mitochondrial genetic variation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Polygenic Scores for ADHD: A Meta-Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Pooled it
- Functional validation of CHMP7 as an ADHD risk gene.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Association Analysis Between Common Variants of theGenetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2020Pooled it
- Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Social skills training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Nature genetics · 2019Pooled it
- Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Underlying Mechanisms of Gene-Environment Interactions in Externalizing Behavior: A Systematic Review and Search for Theoretical Mechanisms.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Functional effects of dopamine transporter gene genotypes on in vivo dopamine transporter functioning: a meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2014Pooled it
- A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2013Pooled it
- Time-Dependent Risk of Psychiatric Disorders in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Microtia: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Historical development of ADHD from 1753 to 2026.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- T-Cadherin (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Novel pharmacological targets for GABAergic dysfunction in ADHD.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Shared genetic basis informs the roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Ocular and neural genes jointly regulate the visuospatial working memory in ADHD children.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2023Article
149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
55 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAlthough twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power.
methodWe used data from four projects: a) the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); b) phase I of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project (IMAGE); c) phase II of IMAGE (IMAGE II); and d) the Pfizer-funded study from the University of California, Los Angeles, Washington University, and Massachusetts General Hospital (PUWMa). The final sample size consisted of 2,064 trios, 896 cases, and 2,455 controls. For each study, we imputed HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms, computed association test statistics and transformed them to z-scores, and then combined weighted z-scores in a meta-analysis.
resultsNo genome-wide significant associations were found, although an analysis of candidate genes suggests that they may be involved in the disorder.
conclusionsGiven that ADHD is a highly heritable disorder, our negative results suggest that the effects of common ADHD risk variants must, individually, be very small or that other types of variants, e.g., rare ones, account for much of the disorder's heritability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.