ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2011
Methylene blue reduces aβ levels and rescues early cognitive deficit by increasing proteasome activity.
Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease: Amyloid-Beta versus Tauopathy.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of post-session administration of methylene blue on fear extinction and contextual memory in adults with claustrophobia.The American journal of psychiatry · 2014Trial
- The Intricate Role of Caspase-6 and Death Receptor-6 in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- A physics-informed graph neural network to approximate docking-based binding affinity for DYRK2 in Alzheimer's drug repurposing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Methylene Blue Attenuates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Striatal Cells: Therapeutic Implications in Huntington's Disease Neuropathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Synthesis of New Phenothiazine/3-cyanoquinoline and Phenothiazine/3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine(-quinoline) Heterodimers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeted Degradation of Histone Deacetylases via Bypassing E3 Ligase Targeting Chimeras (BYETACs).ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma multiforme: insights into pathogenesis, key signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Activation of the 26S Proteasome to Reduce Proteotoxic Stress and Improve the Efficacy of PROTACs.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Role of PIM Kinase Inhibitor in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Trehalose Promotes Clearance of Proteotoxic Aggregation of Neurodegenerative Disease-Associated Aberrant Proteins.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Biomarker evidence of early vision and rod energy-linked pathophysiology benefits from very low dose DMSO in 5xFAD mice.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Proteasome Activators and Ageing: Restoring Proteostasis Using Small Molecules.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- The effects of acute Methylene Blue administration on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in humans and rats.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023Article
- Levosimendan inhibits disulfide tau oligomerization and ameliorates tau pathology in TauExperimental & molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Conjugates of Methylene Blue with Cycloalkaneindoles as New Multifunctional Agents for Potential Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Targeting Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau in Chemotherapy-Resistant Models of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.Cancers · 2022Article
- HMTM-Mediated Enhancement of Brain Bioenergetics in a Mouse Tauopathy Model Is Blocked by Chronic Administration of Rivastigmine.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Mechanisms associated with the dysregulation of mitochondrial function due to lead exposure and possible implications on the development of Alzheimer's disease.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022Review
- Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Promising results have emerged from a phase II clinical trial testing methylene blue (MB) as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer disease (AD), where improvements in cognitive functions of AD patients after 6 months of MB administration have been reported. Despite these reports, no preclinical testing of MB in mammals has been published, and thus its mechanism of action in relation to AD pathology remains unknown. In order to elucidate the effects of MB on AD pathology and to determine its mechanism of action, we used a mouse model (3xTg-AD) that develops age-dependent accumulation of Aβ and tau and cognitive decline. Here, we report that chronic dietary MB treatment reduces Aβ levels and improves learning and memory deficits in the 3xTg-AD mice. The mechanisms underlying the effects of MB on Aβ pathology appears to be mediated by an increase in Aβ clearance as we show that MB increases the chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities of the proteasome in the brain. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that MB increases proteasome function and ameliorates AD-like pathology in vivo. Overall, the data presented here support the use of MB for the treatment of AD and offer a possible mechanism of action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.