ArticleHIV medicine2011
The HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) alters the growth, differentiation and proliferation of primary gingival epithelium.
Article in HIV medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Clinical Features and Paraclinical Findings in Patients with SARS CoV-2 Pneumonia and the Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in POST-COVID-19 Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Oral lichen planus: a microbiologist point of view.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2021Review
- Rifampicin and Letermovir as potential repurposed drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment: insights from an in-silico study.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2021Article
- Overlapping findings or oral manifestations in new SARS-CoV-2 infection.Oral diseases · 2021Article
- Anti-Retroviral Protease Inhibitors Regulate Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection of Primary Oral and Cervical Epithelium.Cancers · 2020Article
- Three-dimensional cell culture models for investigating human viruses.Virologica Sinica · 2016Review
- HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors efavirenz and tenofovir change the growth and differentiation of primary gingival epithelium.HIV medicine · 2014Article
- Effect of the HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine on the growth and differentiation of primary gingival epithelium.HIV medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir on gingival epithelium growth, integrity and differentiation.
methodsOrganotypic (raft) cultures of gingival keratinocytes were established and treated with a range of lopinavir/ritonavir concentrations. To examine the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on gingival epithelium growth and stratification, haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. To investigate the effect of this drug on tissue integrity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on untreated and drug-treated tissues. Further, immunohistochemical analysis of raft cultures was performed to assess the effect of lopinavir/ritonavir on the expression of key differentiation and proliferation markers including cytokeratins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin A.
resultsLopinavir/ritonavir treatments drastically inhibited the growth of gingival epithelium when the drug was present throughout the growth period of the tissue. When the drug was added on day 8 of tissue growth, lopinavir/ritonavir treatments compromised tissue integrity over time and altered the proliferation and differentiation of gingival keratinocytes. Expression of cytokeratins 5, 14, 10 and 6, PCNA and cyclin A was induced, and their expression patterns were also altered over time in treated rafts.
conclusionsThe findings of our studies suggest that lopinavir/ritonavir treatments compromised tissue integrity over time and deregulated the cell cycle/proliferation and differentiation pathways, resulting in abnormal epithelial repair and proliferation. Our study provides a model of potential utility in studying the effects of antiretroviral drugs in vitro.
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