ArticleInfancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies2008
Contingency Learning and Reactivity in Preterm and Full-Term Infants at 3 Months.
Article in Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavior During Tethered Kicking in Infants With Periventricular Brain Injury.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association · 2015Trial
- Effects of Gahvora Cradling on Learning, Motor Behavior, and Expression of Affect in 3-Month-Olds in Tajikistan.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Differences in cortisol levels between preterm and term infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis combined with Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- A quarter century of research on infant contingency learning: Current and future directions.Infant behavior & development · 2025Review
- Assessment of early attention in an Italian cohort of preschooler preterm children using the Early Childhood Attention Battery.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Anticipatory regulation of cardiovascular system on the emergence of auditory-motor interaction in young infants.Experimental brain research · 2022Article
- Infants born preterm and infants born full-term generate more selective leg joint movement during the scaffolded mobile task.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies · 2021Article
- Infants born full term and preterm increase the height of anti-gravity leg movements during a kick-activated mobile task using a scaffolded task environment.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies · 2021Article
- Prenatal maternal cortisol measures predict learning and short-term memory performance in 3- but not 5-month-old infants.Developmental psychobiology · 2017Article
- The mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm in a lab setting.Developmental psychobiology · 2017Article
- Vagal tone during infant contingency learning and its disruption.Developmental psychobiology · 2016Article
- Cortisol levels in former preterm children at school age are predicted by neonatal procedural pain-related stress.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2015Article
- Assessment and stability of early learning abilities in preterm and full-term infants across the first two years of life.Research in developmental disabilities · 2013Article
- Motor contingency learning and infants with Spina Bifida.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2013Article
- Differential associations between sensory response patterns and language, social, and communication measures in children with autism or other developmental disabilities.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2011Article
- Physiological correlates of memory recall in infancy: vagal tone, cortisol, and imitation in preterm and full-term infants at 6 months.Infant behavior & development · 2010Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Learning difficulties in preterm infants are thought to reflect impairment in arousal regulation. We examined relationships among gestational age, learning speed, and behavioral and physiological reactivity in 55 preterm and 49 full-term infants during baseline, contingency, and nonreinforcement phases of a conjugate mobile paradigm at 3 months corrected age. For all infants, negative affect, looking duration, and heart rate levels increased during contingency and nonreinforcement phases, whereas respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA, an index of parasympathetic activity) decreased and cortisol did not change. Learners showed greater RSA suppression and less negative affect than nonlearners. This pattern was particularly evident in the preterm group. Overall, preterm infants showed less learning, spent less time looking at the mobile, and had lower cortisol levels than full-term infants. Preterm infants also showed greater heart rate responses to contingency and dampened heart rate responses to nonreinforcement compared to full-term infants. Findings underscore differences in basal and reactivity measures in preterm compared to full-term infants and suggest that the capacity to regulate parasympathetic activity during a challenge enhances learning in preterm infants.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.