ArticleEpigenetics2010
Quantitative analysis of promoter methylation in exfoliated epithelial cells isolated from breast milk of healthy women.
Article in Epigenetics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The utility of breastmilk for genetic or genomic studies: a systematic review.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analysis of Breast Milk for Breast Cancer Biomarker Discovery: An Update.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Early-Stage Breast Cancer Detection in Breast Milk.Cancer discovery · 2023Article
- Article
- Proteomics analysis of human breast milk by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) coupled with mass spectrometry to assess breast cancer risk.Electrophoresis · 2023Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics of Human Milk to Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins in Women with Breast Cancer versus Controls.Proteomes · 2022Article
- Article
- Prediagnostic breast milk DNA methylation alterations in women who develop breast cancer.Human molecular genetics · 2020Article
- Polymeric nanoassemblies for enrichment and detection of peptides and proteins in human breast milk.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Promoter methylation status ofTranslational lung cancer research · 2019Article
- Differences in Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiles in Breast Milk by Race and Lactation Duration.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- Your DNA May Appear Older Than You Think.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2019Article
- Surfaces that Adhesively Discriminate Breast Epithelial Cell Lines and Lymphocytes in Buffer and Human Breast Milk.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2019Article
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in human milk: an exploratory analysis of racial differences to inform breast cancer etiology.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2018Article
- Long intergenic non-coding RNA APOC1P1-3 inhibits apoptosis by decreasing α-tubulin acetylation in breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2016Article
- Potential of breastmilk analysis to inform early events in breast carcinogenesis: rationale and considerations.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2016Review
- Constitutional promoter methylation and risk of familial melanoma.Epigenetics · 2014Article
- Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV) sequences in human milk.Infectious agents and cancer · 2014Article
- Postpartum remodeling, lactation, and breast cancer risk: summary of a National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2013Review
- Opportunities and challenges for selected emerging technologies in cancer epidemiology: mitochondrial, epigenomic, metabolomic, and telomerase profiling.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Promoter methylation analysis of genes frequently silenced in breast cancer is a promising indicator of breast cancer risk, as these methylation events are thought to occur long before presentation of disease. The numerous exfoliated epithelial cells present in breast milk may provide the breast epithelial DNA needed for detailed methylation analysis and assessment of breast cancer risk. Fresh breast milk samples and health, lifestyle, and reproductive history questionnaires were collected from 111 women. Pyrosequencing analysis was conducted on DNA isolated from the exfoliated epithelial cells immunomagnetically separated from the total cell population in the breast milk of 102 women. A total of 65 CpG sites were examined in six tumor suppressor genes: PYCARD (also known as ASC or TMS1), CDH1, GSTP1, RBP1 (also known as CRBP1), SFRP1, and RASSF1. A sufficient quantity of DNA was obtained for meaningful analysis of promoter methylation; women donated an average of 86 ml of milk with a mean yield of 32,700 epithelial cells per ml. Methylation scores were in general low as expected of benign tissue, but analysis of outlier methylation scores revealed a significant relationship between breast cancer risk, as indicated by previous biopsy, and methylation score for several CpG sites in CDH1, GSTP1, SFRP1, and RBP1. Methylation of RASSF1 was positively correlated with women's age irrespective of her reproductive history. Promoter methylation patterns in DNA from breast milk epithelial cells can likely be used to assess breast cancer risk. Additional studies of women at high breast cancer risk are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.