ArticleMicrobial ecology2011
Associations between coinfection prevalence of Borrelia lusitaniae, Anaplasma sp., and Rickettsia sp. in hard ticks feeding on reptile hosts.
Article in Microbial ecology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus feeding on lizards in the Central Pyrenees, Spain.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Bacterial pathogens in Ixodes ricinus collected from lizards Lacerta agilis and Zootoca vivipara in urban areas of Wrocław, SW Poland- preliminary study.Experimental & applied acarology · 2024Article
- The role of wildlife in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in Slovakia.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Review
- Molecular characterization of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from wild animals in Benin, West Africa.Tropical animal health and production · 2022Article
- Review
- Reptile vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2021Review
- Investigation of Tick-Borne Pathogens inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Role of reptiles and associated arthropods in the epidemiology of rickettsioses: A one health paradigm.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Virus Prevalence and Genetic Diversity Across a Wild Bumblebee Community.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Molecular detection of pathogens in ticks associated with domestic animals from the Colombian Caribbean region.Experimental & applied acarology · 2020Article
- Seasonal Patterns in the Prevalence and Diversity of Tick-Borne Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in an Urban Temperate Forest in South Western Slovakia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Neglected aspects of tick-borne rickettsioses.Parasites & vectors · 2018Review
- Importance of Common Wall Lizards in the Transmission Dynamics of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Northern Apennine Mountains, Italy.Microbial ecology · 2017Article
- Tick-Borne Transmission of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- Rickettsia species in fleas collected from small mammals in Slovakia.Parasitology research · 2015Article
- Detection of Rickettsia and Ehrlichia spp. in Ticks Associated with Exotic Reptiles and Amphibians Imported into Japan.PloS one · 2015Article
- Cercopithifilaria rugosicauda (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in a roe deer and ticks from southern Italy.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2013Article
- Molecular detection of murine herpesvirus 68 in ticks feeding on free-living reptiles.Microbial ecology · 2011Article
- Anaplasmataceae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the sand lizard Lacerta agilis and co-infection of these bacteria in hosted Ixodes ricinus ticks.Parasites & vectors · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An increasing number of studies reveal that ticks and their hosts are infected with multiple pathogens, suggesting that coinfection might be frequent for both vectors and wild reservoir hosts. Whereas the examination of associations between coinfecting pathogen agents in natural host-vector-pathogen systems is a prerequisite for a better understanding of disease maintenance and transmission, the associations between pathogens within vectors or hosts are seldom explicitly examined. We examined the prevalence of pathogen agents and the patterns of associations between them under natural conditions, using a previously unexamined host-vector-pathogen system--green lizards Lacerta viridis, hard ticks Ixodes ricinus, and Borrelia, Anaplasma, and Rickettsia pathogens. We found that immature ticks infesting a temperate lizard species in Central Europe were infected with multiple pathogens. Considering I. ricinus nymphs and larvae, the prevalence of Anaplasma, Borrelia, and Rickettsia was 13.1% and 8.7%, 12.8% and 1.3%, and 4.5% and 2.7%, respectively. The patterns of pathogen prevalence and observed coinfection rates suggest that the risk of tick infection with one pathogen is not independent of other pathogens. Our results indicate that Anaplasma can play a role in suppressing the transmission of Borrelia to tick vectors. Overall, however, positive effects of Borrelia on Anaplasma seem to prevail as judged by higher-than-expected Borrelia-Anaplasma coinfection rates.
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