ArticleJournal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology2011
Longitudinal changes in vaginal microbiota composition assessed by gram stain among never sexually active pre- and postmenarcheal adolescents in Rakai, Uganda.
Article in Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of long-term weekly iron and folic acid supplementation on lower genital tract infection - a double blind, randomised controlled trial in Burkina Faso.BMC medicine · 2017Trial
- Vaginal microbiomes and their pertinent social context: a microbial ecological review proffering AMR-STI acquisition and emergence.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- The Vaginal Microbiome and Reproductive Health in Adolescents and Adults.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology · 2025Review
- Functional data analysis to characterize disease patterns in frequent longitudinal data: application to bacterial vaginal microbiota patterns using weekly Nugent scores and identification of pattern-specific risk factors.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Healthy Vaginal Microbiota and Influence of Probiotics Across the Female Life Span.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Protection and Risk: Male and Female Genital Microbiota and Sexually Transmitted Infections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Finding a Balance in the Vaginal Microbiome: How Do We Treat and Prevent the Occurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Vaginal Microbiome: A Long Urogenital Colonization Throughout Woman Life.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Characterization of the Vaginal Microbiome in Women with Infertility and Its Potential Correlation with Hormone Stimulation duringmSystems · 2020Article
- Determinants of Vaginal Microbiota Composition.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- The Vaginal Microenvironment: The Physiologic Role ofFrontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- Ovarian cycling and reproductive state shape the vaginal microbiota in wild baboons.Microbiome · 2017Article
- Lactobacilli Dominance and Vaginal pH: Why Is the Human Vaginal Microbiome Unique?Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Temporal and spatial variation of the human microbiota during pregnancy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Article
- Exploratory comparison of vaginal glycogen and Lactobacillus levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Article
- Article
- A mixture of transition models for heterogeneous longitudinal ordinal data: with applications to longitudinal bacterial vaginosis data.Statistics in medicine · 2014Article
- Free glycogen in vaginal fluids is associated with Lactobacillus colonization and low vaginal pH.PloS one · 2014Article
- Characterization of the vaginal microbiota of healthy Canadian women through the menstrual cycle.Microbiome · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo describe changes in vaginal microbiota and pH over time among never sexually active adolescents at different menarcheal stages.
designA cohort of 49 sexually inexperienced Ugandan adolescents provided weekly self-collected vaginal swabs and behavioral/health information for up to two years. Menarcheal stage was classified as: not experiencing menarche during follow-up (premenarcheal, n = 9), achieving menarche during follow-up (perimenarcheal, n = 20), and being postmenarcheal (n = 20) at enrollment. Vaginal microbiota were characterized as morphotypes of large gram-positive rods, small gram-negative or variable rods, and curved gram-negative rods based on Nugent Gram-stain criteria. Baseline measures were compared using nonparametric tests. Mean changes (β) in morphotypes and pH over time were estimated using longitudinal mixed-effects models.
resultsThe baseline median (IQR: interquartile range) Nugent score was 8 (7-8) in premenarcheal, 4.5 (1-8) in perimenarcheal, and 1 (0-3) in postmenarcheal girls (P = 0.001). For each respective menarcheal stage, the median (IQR) counts of gram-positive rods were 0 (0-0), 10 (0-30), and 30 (18-30) (P = 0.002) and gram-negative or variable rods were 30 (30-30), 16 (0.5-30), and 0.5 (0-2.5) (P = 0.002) at enrollment. Counts of gram-positive rods increased (β = 0.259, 95% CI: 0.156, 0.362) and gram-negative or variable rods decreased (β = -0.201, 95% CI:-0.298,-0.103) significantly over time in premenarcheal girls, but not in other groups. Vaginal pH declined significantly in peri- and postmenarcheal girls only.
conclusionVaginal microbiota composition varied by menarcheal stage at enrollment. Over time, significant changes in vaginal morphotypes occurred in premenarcheal girls, suggesting this may be an important period of transition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.