ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2010
Cystatin C, albuminuria, and 5-year all-cause mortality in HIV-infected persons.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2018Guideline
- Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Guideline
- Proteinuria and albuminuria among a global primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort of people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Trial
- The Impact of Statin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy on Cognitive Function in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- Reductions in Plasma Cystatin C After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Are Associated With Reductions in Inflammation: ACTG A5224s.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Rosuvastatin preserves renal function and lowers cystatin C in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy: the SATURN-HIV trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Trial
- Changes in proteinuria and albuminuria with initiation of antiretroviral therapy: data from a randomized trial comparing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine versus abacavir/lamivudine.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Trial
- Glomerular filtration rate estimated using creatinine, cystatin C or both markers and the risk of clinical events in HIV-infected individuals.HIV medicine · 2014Trial
- Semiparametric outcome regression-based estimator of Mann-Whitney-type causal effect.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Semiparametric Outcome Regression-Based Estimator of Mann-Whitney-type Causal Effect.Research square · 2026Article
- Moderate agreement between the spot albumin‒Creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine albumin (UA) among virally suppressed adults living with HIV in botswana: a cross sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Cystatin C as a predictor of renal recovery and in hospital mortality in patients with acute kidney injury and liver cirrhosis.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- High prevalence of albuminuria among adult males living with HIV in Botswana.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Prevalence and risk factors for kidney disease among hospitalized PLWH in China.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Etiology of Persistent Microalbuminuria in Nigeria (P_MICRO study): protocol and study design.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Brief Report: Cystatin C-Based Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Association With Atherosclerosis Imaging Markers in People Living With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Association Between Cystatin C and Cardiac Function and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Survival after long-term ART exposure: findings from an Asian patient population retained in care beyond 5 years on ART.Antiviral therapy · 2020Observational
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCompared with controls, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons have a greater prevalence of kidney disease, assessed according to high cystatin C level and albuminuria, but not according to creatinine level. However, the clinical importance of increased cystatin C level and albuminuria in the HIV-infected population has not been studied. STUDY
designWe conducted an observational cohort study to determine the association of kidney disease (measured according to albuminuria, cystatin C, and serum creatinine) with mortality. SETTING &
participants922 HIV-infected persons enrolled in the FRAM (Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection) Study. PREDICTOR: Serum cystatin C and serum creatinine levels were used to estimate glomerular filtration rates (eGFR(SCysC) and eGFR(SCr), respectively). Albuminuria was defined as a positive urine dipstick result (≥ 1+) or urine albumin-creatinine ratio >30 mg/g. OUTCOME: 5-Year mortality.
resultsAt baseline, decreased kidney function (eGFR(SCysC) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) or albuminuria was present in 28% of participants. After 5 years of follow-up, mortality was 48% in those with both eGFR(SCysC) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria, 23% in those with eGFR(SCysC) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) alone, 20% in those with albuminuria alone, and 9% in those with neither condition. After multivariable adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, HIV-related factors, and inflammatory marker levels, eGFR(SCysC) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria were associated with a nearly 2-fold increase in mortality, whereas eGFR(SCr) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) did not appear to have a substantial association with mortality. Together, eGFR(SCysC) <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria accounted for 17% of the population-level attributable risk of mortality. LIMITATIONS: Vital status was unknown in 261 participants from the original cohort.
conclusionsKidney disease marked by albuminuria or increased cystatin C level appears to be an important risk factor for mortality in HIV-infected individuals. A substantial proportion of this risk may be unrecognized because of the current reliance on serum creatinine to estimate kidney function in clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.