Trial reportJournal of affective disorders2011
Changes in sleep quality, but not hormones predict time to postpartum depression recurrence.
Trial report in Journal of affective disorders, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- [Inflammatory Biomarkers and Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review of Literature].Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin in peripartum women with major depression.Archives of women's mental health · 2018Pooled it
- Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: systematic review and call for integration.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2015Pooled it
- The effect of sleep pattern changes on postpartum depressive symptoms.BMC women's health · 2018Trial
- Differential trajectories of depression symptoms during pregnancy and prospective associations with postpartum eating disorder symptoms and cardiovascular health behaviors.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- The Interplay Between Sleep Apnea and Postpartum Depression.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Biopsychosocial Predictors of Postpartum Depression: Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prenatal mood and anxiety disorders and associated cytokine changes.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Estradiol and progesterone from pregnancy to postpartum: a longitudinal latent class analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Postpartum Depression.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of Postpartum Depression: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Trajectory of Perinatal Depressive Symptoms from the Second Trimester to Three Months Postpartum and Its Association with Sleep Quality.International journal of women's health · 2023Article
- The role of central serotonergic markers and estradiol changes in perinatal mental health.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Sleep, Anxiety, and Vitamin D Status and Risk for Peripartum Depression.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Investigating the link between sleep and postpartum depression in fathers utilizing subjective and objective sleep measures.Sleep medicine: X · 2021Article
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- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Light Dark Therapy for Maternal Postpartum Insomnia Symptoms: Protocol of a Parallel-Group Randomised Controlled Efficacy Trial.Frontiers in global women's health · 2020Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPoor sleep quality, dysregulation of hormones and increased inflammatory cytokines are all associated with the risk for postpartum major depression (PPMD). We evaluated change over time in sleep quality and hormones during the first 17 weeks postpartum, as well as a single cytokine measure, and their association with PPMD recurrence.
methodsParticipants were pregnant women (N=56), with past histories of MDD/PPMD but not depressed in their current pregnancy. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and blood samples were collected 8 times during the first 17 weeks postpartum. Estradiol, prolactin and cortisol, and a single measure of IL-6 were assayed. Recurrence was determined by two consecutive 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) scores≥15 and clinician interview.
resultsIn the analyses of time to PPMD recurrence, poor sleep quality, but none of the hormones, was associated with PPMD recurrence (p<.05) after controlling for medication assignment. With every one point increase in PSQI scores across time, a woman's risk for recurrence increased by approximately 25% There was no significant association between PSQI scores and IL-6 concentrations in early postpartum (χ(2)=0.98, p=.32).
conclusionsPoor sleep quality across the first 17 weeks post-delivery increases the risk for recurrent PPMD among women with a history of MDD. Changes in the hormonal milieu were not associated with recurrence. Further exploration of the degree to which poor sleep contributes to hormonal and cytokine dysregulation and how they are involved in the pathophysiology of PPMD is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.