ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2010
Determinants of tick-borne encephalitis in counties of southern Germany, 2001-2008.
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Tick-Borne Diseases in Germany: A Scoping Review.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Meteorological and environmental factors associated with the exposure to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in cattle, north-eastern France, 2018-2019.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Identifying hotspots and risk factors for tick-borne encephalitis virus emergence at its range margins to guide interventions, Great Britain.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Multiple variants of tick-borne encephalitis virus in voles, mice and ticks, the Netherlands, 2021 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Article
- Decoding the Geography of Natural TBEV Microfoci in Germany: A Geostatistical Approach Based on Land-Use Patterns and Climatological Conditions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Incidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected European Countries.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The Red Fox (Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Spatial risk analysis for the introduction and circulation of six arboviruses in the Netherlands.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases are not random: explaining trend, low- and high-frequency oscillations based on the Austrian TBE time series.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Tick burden on European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Saxony, Germany, and detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in attached ticks.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Forecasting next season's Ixodes ricinus nymphal density: the example of southern Germany 2018.Experimental & applied acarology · 2018Article
- A Predictive Model Has Identified Tick-Borne Encephalitis High-Risk Areas in Regions Where No Cases Were Reported Previously, Poland, 1999-2012.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Tick-borne encephalitis in Japan, Republic of Korea and China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2017Review
- Tick-borne encephalitis in a naturally infected sheep.BMC veterinary research · 2017Article
- Estimating the annual burden of tick-borne encephalitis to inform vaccination policy, Slovenia, 2009 to 2013.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2017Article
- Cyclic patterns in the central European tick-borne encephalitis incidence series.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Article
- Serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in moose and deer in Finland: sentinels for virus circulation.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- The role of game (wild boar and roe deer) in the spread of tick-borne encephalitis in the Czech Republic.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health.Frontiers in public health · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus can cause severe symptoms in humans. The incidence of this vector-borne pathogen in humans is characterised by spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To explain the variation in reported human TBE cases per county in southern Germany, we designed a time-lagged, spatially-explicit model that incorporates ecological, environmental, and climatic factors.
resultsWe fitted a logistic regression model to the annual counts of reported human TBE cases in each of 140 counties over an eight year period. The model controlled for spatial autocorrelation and unexplained temporal variation. The occurrence of human TBE was found to be positively correlated with the proportions of broad-leafed, mixed and coniferous forest cover. An index of forest fragmentation was negatively correlated with TBE incidence, suggesting that infection risk is higher in fragmented landscapes. The results contradict previous evidence regarding the relevance of a specific spring-time temperature regime for TBE epidemiology. Hunting bag data of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the previous year was positively correlated with human TBE incidence, and hunting bag density of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the previous year were negatively correlated with human TBE incidence.
conclusionsOur approach suggests that a combination of landscape and climatic variables as well as host-species dynamics influence TBE infection risk in humans. The model was unable to explain some of the temporal variation, specifically the high counts in 2005 and 2006. Factors such as the exposure of humans to infected ticks and forest rodent population dynamics, for which we have no data, are likely to be explanatory factors. Such information is required to identify the determinants of TBE more reliably. Having records of TBE infection sites at a finer scale would also be necessary.
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