ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2010
Mechanisms, diagnosis and management of hepatic encephalopathy.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive Impairment After Resolution of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Association of proton pump inhibitors with risk of hepatic encephalopathy in advanced liver disease: A meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Pooled it
- Grey and white matter abnormalities in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a study combining voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics.European radiology · 2013Trial
- Erythromycin versus neomycin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind study.BMC gastroenterology · 2013Trial
- Emergency Department Evaluation and Care of Hepatic Encephalopathy: ACEP Expert Panel Recommendations.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine learning techniques in hepatic encephalopathy: a scoping review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Article
- Chemotactic Zn micromotor for treatment of high blood ammonia-associated hepatic encephalopathy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Hepatic Encephalopathy: Current Thoughts on Pathophysiology and Management.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome composition in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- The Balance of Ketoacids α-Ketoglutarate and α-Ketoglutaramate Reflects the Degree of the Development of Hepatoencephalopathy in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Modulation of brain energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy: impact of glucose metabolic dysfunction.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- Efficacy of albumin use in decompensated cirrhosis and real-world adoption in Australia.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Review
- Relationship between Circadian System Status, Child-Pugh Score, and Clinical Outcome in Cirrhotic Patients on Waiting Lists for Liver Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial Changes in Rat Brain Endothelial Cells Associated with Hepatic Encephalopathy: Relation to the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Hepatic encephalopathy: From novel pathogenesis mechanism to emerging treatments.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Review
- Role of fecal microbiota transplant in management of hepatic encephalopathy: Current trends and future directions.World journal of hepatology · 2024Review
- Feasibility exploration of GSH in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy from the aspects of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and mechanism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and clinical impact of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in alcohol-associated hepatitis and the potential role of prophylaxis: a multinational, retrospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of both acute and chronic liver disease. Symptoms of HE can include confusion, disorientation and poor coordination. A general consensus exists that the synergistic effects of excess ammonia and inflammation cause astrocyte swelling and cerebral edema; however, the precise molecular mechanisms that lead to these morphological changes in the brain are unclear. Cerebral edema occurs to some degree in all patients with HE, regardless of its grade, and could underlie the pathogenesis of this disorder. The different grades of HE can be diagnosed by a number of investigations, including neuropsychometric tests (such as the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score), brain imaging and clinical scales (such as the West Haven criteria). HE is best managed by excluding other possible causes of encephalopathy alongside identifying and the precipitating cause, and confirming the diagnosis by a positive response to empiric treatment. Empiric therapy for HE is largely based on the principle of reducing the production and absorption of ammonia in the gut through administration of pharmacological agents such as rifaximin and lactulose, which are approved by the FDA for the treatment of HE.
Indexed as
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20703237What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.