ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2010
Strength-duration relationship for extracellular neural stimulation: numerical and analytical models.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrophysiological Evaluation of Post-Activation Potentiation/Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Using Strength-Duration Properties.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Characteristics of posterior root reflexes evoked by transcutaneous spinal stimulation with various pulse durations.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Ultra-conformable tattoo electrodes for providing sensory feedback via transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Restoration of Sight with Electronic Retinal Prostheses.Annual review of vision science · 2025Review
- Genetically engineered HEK cells as a valuable tool for studying electroporation in excitable cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Electronic Retinal Prostheses.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023Review
- Inference of Electrical Stimulation Sensitivity from Recorded Activity of Primate Retinal Ganglion Cells.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Effects of waveform shape and electrode material on KiloHertz frequency alternating current block of mammalian peripheral nerve.Bioelectronic medicine · 2022Article
- Spatially patterned bi-electrode epiretinal stimulation for axon avoidance at cellular resolution.Journal of neural engineering · 2021Article
- Peculiarities of Neurostimulation by Intense Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields: How to Avoid Firing in Peripheral Nerve Fibers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- 2-ns Electrostimulation of CaBiophysical journal · 2021Article
- Colour-sensitive conjugated polymer inkjet-printed pixelated artificial retina model studied via a bio-hybrid photovoltaic device.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Computational challenges and opportunities for a bi-directional artificial retina.Journal of neural engineering · 2020Article
- Harmonic-balance circuit analysis for electro-neural interfaces.Journal of neural engineering · 2020Article
- [Optimal design of neural modulation strategy of vestibular prosthesis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2020Article
- Optimization of stimulation parameters for epi-retinal implant based on biosafety consideration.PloS one · 2020Article
- Honeycomb-shaped electro-neural interface enables cellular-scale pixels in subretinal prosthesis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Implantable Direct Current Neural Modulation: Theory, Feasibility, and Efficacy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Mediating Retinal Ganglion Cell Spike Rates Using High-Frequency Electrical Stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- Effect of coil orientation on motor-evoked potentials in humans with tetraplegia.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The strength-duration relationship for extracellular stimulation is often assumed to be similar to the classical intracellular stimulation model, with a slope asymptotically approaching 1/τ at pulse durations shorter than chronaxy. We modeled extracellular neural stimulation numerically and analytically for several cell shapes and types of active membrane properties. The strength-duration relationship was found to differ significantly from classical intracellular models. At pulse durations between 4 μs and 5 ms stimulation is dominated by sodium channels, with a slope of -0.72 in log-log coordinates for the Hodgkin-Huxley ion channel model. At shorter durations potassium channels dominate and slope decreases to -0.13. Therefore the charge per phase is decreasing with decreasing stimulus duration. With pulses shorter than cell polarization time (∼0.1-1 μs), stimulation is dominated by polarization dynamics with a classical -1 slope and the charge per phase becomes constant. It is demonstrated that extracellular stimulation can have not only lower but also upper thresholds and may be impossible below certain pulse durations. In some regimes the extracellular current can hyperpolarize cells, suppressing rather than stimulating spiking behavior. Thresholds for burst stimuli can be either higher or lower than that of a single pulse, depending on pulse duration. The modeled thresholds were found to be comparable to published experimental data. Electroporation thresholds, which limit the range of safe stimulation, were found to exceed stimulation thresholds by about two orders of magnitude. These results provide a biophysical basis for understanding stimulation dynamics and guidance for optimizing the neural stimulation efficacy and safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.