ArticleBMC public health2010
"Sleep disparity" in the population: poor sleep quality is strongly associated with poverty and ethnicity.
Article in BMC public health, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on the Cortical Transcriptome in Rodent Models.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- The prevalence of poor sleep quality in the general population in China: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the association between sleep health and stress biomarkers in children.Sleep medicine reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Risk and Sleep Health Among Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Western journal of nursing research · 2025Trial
- Leveraging Ecological Momentary Assessment to Examine Bi-directional Associations Between Sleep Quality, Adolescent/Young Adult Alcohol Craving and Use.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Trial
- Smoking relapse risk is increased among individuals in recovery.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- The Preliminary Efficacy of a Sleep Self-management Intervention Using a Personalized Health Monitoring Device during Pregnancy.Behavioral sleep medicineTrial
- Insomnia Symptoms are Common Among Community Dwelling African Americans Who Report Poor Sleep.Behavioral sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Sleep Debt and Mental Well-Being in School-Aged Children and Adolescents in China: A Multi-Province, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Associations among sleep quality, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults: A longitudinal study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Its Associated Factors Among Male Road Transport Workers in Brazil.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Inadequate sleep is a risk factor for pediatric hypertension: the pathophysiologic and socioeconomic correlates.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Good nights sleep program: design and preliminary findings from a randomized clinical trial to improve child and parent sleep in low-income families.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Article
- Sleep and neurocognitive performance in middle-aged Latina women in a rural agricultural community: insights from the CHAMACOS Maternal Cognition Study.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Hypertension and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Outcomes among Adults in the 2011-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.American journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic disparities and life's essential 8: a focused review and considerations for improving cardiovascular health in the United States.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of childhood and adult socioeconomic status with adult social connection: a mediation analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Neighborhood social vulnerability as a mediator of racial disparities in insomnia severity.Sleep health · 2025Article
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about the social determinants of sleep attainment. This study examines the relationship of race/ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES) and other factors upon sleep quality.
methodsA cross-sectional survey of 9,714 randomly selected subjects was used to explore sleep quality obtained by self-report, in relation to socioeconomic factors including poverty, employment status, and education level. The primary outcome was poor sleep quality. Data were collected by the Philadelphia Health Management Corporation.
resultsSignificant differences were observed in the outcome for race/ethnicity (African-American and Latino versus White: unadjusted OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.24-2.05 and OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.37-1.98, respectively) and income (below poverty threshold, unadjusted OR = 2.84, 95%CI 2.41-3.35). In multivariable modeling, health indicators significantly influenced sleep quality most prominently in poor individuals. After adjusting for socioeconomic factors (education, employment) and health indicators, the association of income and poor sleep quality diminished, but still persisted in poor Whites while it was no longer significant in poor African-Americans (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.47-2.58 versus OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.87-1.54, respectively). Post-college education (adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71) protected against poor sleep.
conclusionsA "sleep disparity" exists in the study population: poor sleep quality is strongly associated with poverty and race. Factors such as employment, education and health status, amongst others, significantly mediated this effect only in poor subjects, suggesting a differential vulnerability to these factors in poor relative to non-poor individuals in the context of sleep quality. Consideration of this could help optimize targeted interventions in certain groups and subsequently reduce the adverse societal effects of poor sleep.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.