ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2010
Menopausal hormone therapy and subsequent risk of specific invasive breast cancer subtypes in the California Teachers Study.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of reproductive risk factors and breast cancer molecular subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Body mass index and breast cancer risk according to postmenopausal estrogen-progestin use and hormone receptor status.Epidemiologic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Hormone therapy use and young-onset breast cancer: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts included in the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group.The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and incidence, mortality, and survival of breast cancer subtypes: a prospective cohort study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- The risk of endocrine interventions in carriers of a genetic predisposition for breast and gynecologic cancers: recommendations of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Hormone-Replacement Therapy and Its Association with Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of women's health · 2021Article
- Use of postmenopausal hormone therapies and risk of histology- and hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: results from a 15-year prospective analysis of NIH-AARP cohort.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2020Observational
- Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2020Observational
- Triple-negative breast cancer and its association with obesity.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2017Article
- Article
- Long-term exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to ethanol stimulates oncogenic features.International journal of oncology · 2017Article
- Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the true size of the increased risk?British journal of cancer · 2016Article
- Long-term exposure of MCF-12A normal human breast epithelial cells to ethanol induces epithelial mesenchymal transition and oncogenic features.International journal of oncology · 2016Article
- Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to and prevented by the use of menopausal hormone therapy.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2015Article
- The Effect of Menopausal Hormone Therapies on Breast Cancer: Avoiding the Risk.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2015Review
- A systematic review of non-hormonal treatments of vasomotor symptoms in climacteric and cancer patients.SpringerPlus · 2015Article
- Risk of breast cancer after stopping menopausal hormone therapy in the E3N cohort.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2014Article
- Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013Article
- Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk of breast cancer.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough it is well established that combined estrogen-progestin therapy (EPT) increases breast cancer risk, questions remain regarding the effect of different formulations of hormones, whether certain women are at particularly high risk, and whether risk varies by tumor subtype.
methodsWe investigated hormone therapy (HT) use in relation to breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort; after a mean follow-up of 9.8 years, 2,857 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed.
resultsCompared with women who had never used HT, women who reported 15 or more years of estrogen therapy (ET) use had a 19% greater risk of breast cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.37), whereas women using EPT for 15 or more years had an 83% greater risk (95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.26). Breast cancer risk was highest among women using continuous combined EPT regimens. Risks associated with EPT and ET use were increased with duration of HT use for women with a body mass index (BMI) of <29.9 kg/m(2) but not for women with BMI of >or=30 kg/m(2). Elevated risks associated with EPT and ET use were confined to tumors that were positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors and those that were HER2+ but were slightly diminished for HER2- tumors.
conclusionsBreast cancer risks increased with longer duration of ET and EPT use, and risks were highest for continuous-combined EPT use. Furthermore, risks varied by BMI and tumor subtype. IMPACT: These findings underscore the need for personalized risk-benefit discussions with women contemplating HT use.
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