ArticleNeuroImage2011
Factors underlying prefrontal and insula structural alterations in smokers.
Article in NeuroImage, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional Connectivity Disruptions in Grey Matter Volume-Altered Brain Regions Among Male Smokers: A Neuroimaging Study.Addiction biology · 2025Pooled it
- The structural and functional brain alternations in tobacco use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Shared gray matter alterations in subtypes of addiction: a voxel-wise meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Decreased Central Nervous System Grey Matter Volume (GMV) in Smokers Affects Cognitive Abilities: A Systematic Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2017Pooled it
- Chronic cigarette smoking is linked with structural alterations in brain regions showing acute nicotinic drug-induced functional modulations.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2016Pooled it
- Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2014Pooled it
- Chronic smoking and brain gray matter changes: evidence from meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2013Pooled it
- Down-regulation of amygdala and insula functional circuits by varenicline and nicotine in abstinent cigarette smokers.Biological psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Altered Topological Properties of White-Matter Functional Networks in Young Smokers.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Network localization of gray matter alterations in chronic smokers using the normative functional connectome.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Grey matter morphometry in young adult e-cigarette users, tobacco cigarette users & non-using controls.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Anterior and posterior cerebral white matter show different patterns of microstructural alterations in young adult smokers.Brain imaging and behavior · 2025Article
- Imaging neuroinflammation in individuals with substance use disorders.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of tDCS, TMS and DBS in overcoming tobacco use disorder: an umbrella review.AIMS neuroscience · 2024Review
- How does it feel? An exploration of neurobiological and clinical correlates of alexithymia in trauma-exposed police-officers with and without PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- Assessment of brain connectome alterations in male chronic smokers using structural and generalized q-sampling MRI.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Article
- Comparison of frontostriatal circuits in adolescent nicotine addiction and internet gaming disorder.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2022Review
- Gray matter volumes of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and their dysfunctional roles in cigarette smoking.Addiction neuroscience · 2022Article
- Adolescent nicotine administration increases nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding and functional connectivity in specific cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits.Brain communications · 2022Article
- Association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease: a neuroimaging study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2022Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Based upon previous reports of alterations in white matter integrity and gray matter density in smokers, we examined these markers in a large, well-matched sample of smokers and non-smokers. We further investigated the effect of heavy cigarette exposure by using pack-years and the effects of two relatively stable, highly heritable traits in smokers (Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), a measure of severity of nicotine dependence and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), a stable personality trait related to smoking). Forty-eight nicotine-dependent subjects and 48 matched controls were included in the analyses, with smokers also subdivided into high/low dependence and high/low pack-years smokers. White matter integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA)) and gray matter density (voxel-based morphometry (VBM)) were measured and compared across groups. Gray matter density was lower in left prefrontal cortex (PFC) in high pack-years smokers and was inversely related to pack-years. In contrast, left insular cortex gray matter density was higher in smokers and associated with TAS-20 total score and with difficulty-identifying-feelings factor. Further, the most highly dependent smokers showed lower prefrontal FA, which was negatively correlated with FTND. There was no correlation between pack-years and FTND in our smoker population. These data suggest chronic tobacco use is correlated with prefrontal gray matter damage , while differences in insula gray matter and PFC white matter appear to reflect stable and heritable differences between smokers and non-smokers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.