ReviewAmino acids2011
Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition.
Review in Amino acids, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 266 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
266 citing papers in PubMed, 683 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomic Phenotype of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mexican Children Living with Obesity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Trial
- Plasma metabolomic response to high-carbohydrate meals of differing glycaemic load in overweight women.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Impact of a Specific Collagen Peptide Food Supplement on Periodontal Inflammation in Aftercare Patients-A Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- The effect of oral hydrolyzed eggshell membrane on the appearance of hair, skin, and nails in healthy middle-aged adults: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Comparative characterization of meat quality and volatile compounds in raw meat from Magang geese (Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Prolyl-Hydroxyproline Promotes Structural Matrix Organization in 3D Equine Tendon Proper and Peritenon Post-Injury Model.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Bioactive Substances in Sheep's Milk and Related Products as Components of Functional Foods.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Metabolic adaptations of starving purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) surviving in the barrens.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomic signatures of heterogeneous multimorbidity trajectories in ageing: a population-based cohort study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Multifaceted effects of proline on intestinal injury, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in piglets induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.Amino acids · 2026Article
- Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Metabolic Targets in Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatic Cancer Cells.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Quantification of L- and D-enantiomers of proline, trans-4-hydroxyproline and cis-4-hydroxyproline in natural samples using differential labelling with 12C- and 13C6-dabsyl chloride, chiral separation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Journal of biochemistry · 2026Article
- The Nutritional Quality of Broiler Meat Through Dietary Inclusion of Food-Waste-Derived Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Royal Jelly and 10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid Mitigate Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice via the Gut-Microbiota-Metabolite Axis.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Functional Amino Acid Supplementation Drives Early Growth and Gut Maturation in Broilers: A Meta-Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Intestinal dysbiosis associates with silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via arginine and tryptophan pathways.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Gill Adaptation of the Hong Kong Catfish (Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Proline promotes prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 via transforming growth factor beta 1 to increase the synthesis and deposition of collagen in grass carp (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Article
- In Vitro Safety Profiling and Leukoderma-Relevant Hazard Assessment of Raspberry Ketone VersusMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
206 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proline plays important roles in protein synthesis and structure, metabolism (particularly the synthesis of arginine, polyamines, and glutamate via pyrroline-5-carboxylate), and nutrition, as well as wound healing, antioxidative reactions, and immune responses. On a per-gram basis, proline plus hydroxyproline are most abundant in collagen and milk proteins, and requirements of proline for whole-body protein synthesis are the greatest among all amino acids. Therefore, physiological needs for proline are particularly high during the life cycle. While most mammals (including humans and pigs) can synthesize proline from arginine and glutamine/glutamate, rates of endogenous synthesis are inadequate for neonates, birds, and fish. Thus, work with young pigs (a widely used animal model for studying infant nutrition) has shown that supplementing 0.0, 0.35, 0.7, 1.05, 1.4, and 2.1% proline to a proline-free chemically defined diet containing 0.48% arginine and 2% glutamate dose dependently improved daily growth rate and feed efficiency while reducing concentrations of urea in plasma. Additionally, maximal growth performance of chickens depended on at least 0.8% proline in the diet. Likewise, dietary supplementation with 0.07, 0.14, and 0.28% hydroxyproline (a metabolite of proline) to a plant protein-based diet enhanced weight gains of salmon. Based on its regulatory roles in cellular biochemistry, proline can be considered as a functional amino acid for mammalian, avian, and aquatic species. Further research is warranted to develop effective strategies of dietary supplementation with proline or hydroxyproline to benefit health, growth, and development of animals and humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.