ArticleArchives of dermatological research2010
Protease-activated receptor-2 mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes in response to Propionibacterium acnes.
Article in Archives of dermatological research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Insights into early acne pathogenesis: Exploring intercellular dynamics and key dysregulated genes.Cell signaling · 2025Article
- Commensal microbe regulation of skin cells in disease.Cell host & microbe · 2024Review
- The role of SLC7A11 in diabetic wound healing: novel insights and new therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Secretion of Inflammatory Cytokines Triggered by TLR2 Through Calcium-Dependent and Calcium-Independent Pathways in Keratinocytes.Mediators of inflammation · 2024Article
- Protease-Activated Receptor 2 in inflammatory skin disease: current evidence and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Efficacy of FRO on Acne Vulgaris Pathogenesis.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- The updates and implications of cutaneous microbiota in acne.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- Genetic Variants Associated with Acne Vulgaris.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- A review of skin immune processes in acne.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Effects of Black Ginseng Water Extract under the Inflammatory Conditions of Cultured Sebocytes and Outer Root Sheath Cells.Annals of dermatology · 2022Article
- Secretory Proteases of the Human Skin Microbiome.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Advances in Microbiome-Derived Solutions and Methodologies Are Founding a New Era in Skin Health and Care.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Immunogenetics of Acne.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Protease Activated Receptor 1 and Its Ligands as Main Regulators of the Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves.Biomolecules · 2021Review
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- Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing ofClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been known to produce various exogenous proteases, however, their role in acne pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Proteases elicit cellular responses, at least in part, via proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), which is known to mediate inflammation and immune response. In this study, we investigated whether proteases from P. acnes could activate PAR-2 on keratinocytes and induce pro-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) via PAR-2 signaling. We examined PAR-2 expression and protease activity in acne lesions using immunofluorescence staining and in situ zymography. The effect of the culture supernatant of P. acnes on Ca(2+) signaling in immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) was measured using a fluorescence method. HaCaT cells were treated with P. acnes strain ATCC 6919 culture supernatant, with or without pretreatment with serine protease inhibitor or selective PAR-2 antagonist and the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, AMPs, and MMPs was detected using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We found that the protease activity and PAR-2 expression were increased in acne lesions. The P. acnes culture supernatant induced calcium signaling in keratinocytes via PAR-2 and stimulated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, -8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, human beta defensin (hBD)-2, LL-37, MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13 in keratinocytes, which was significantly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor as well as selective PAR-2 specific antagonist. These results indicate that PAR-2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne by inducing inflammatory mediators in response to proteases secreted from P. acnes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.