Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2010
Oxycodone concentrations are greatly increased by the concomitant use of ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir.
Trial report in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 2017 HIVMA of IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Chronic Pain in Patients Living With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Guideline
- Opioid Toxicity Following Concomitant Use of Macrolide Antibiotics with Fentanyl, Hydromorphone, or Oxycodone: A Population-Based Study.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Interactions between long-acting antiretrovirals and opioids: a call for clinical awareness.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- The Effects of Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib in Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and application of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of firmonertinib and its main metabolite AST-5902 in rat plasma: a study on theFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Evaluating Drug Interactions between Ritonavir and Opioid Analgesics: Implications from Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Simulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Review
- Importance of cytochrome 3A4 and 2D6-mediated drug-drug interactions in oxycodone consumption among older adults hospitalized for hip fracture: a cross-sectional study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Observational
- Pain Management in the Post-COVID Era-An Update: A Narrative Review.Pain and therapy · 2023Review
- Interactions of the protease inhibitor, ritonavir, with common anesthesia drugs.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2022Review
- Practical Advices for Treating Chronic Pain in the Time of COVID-19: A Narrative Review Focusing on Interventional Techniques.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Drug-drug interactions with candidate medications used for COVID-19 treatment: An overview.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
- Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- Opioid Use Disorders in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Review of Implications for Patient Outcomes, Drug Interactions, and Neurocognitive Disorders.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Drug treatment of SARS-Cov2: Potential effects in patients with substance use disorders (SUD).Journal of psychosomatic research · 2020Article
- Updated Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oxycodone.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2019Review
- PharmGKB summary: oxycodone pathway, pharmacokinetics.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2018Article
- Respiratory depression related to multiple drug-drug interactions precipitated by a fluconazole loading dose in a patient treated with oxycodone.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Article
- Opioid analgesics-related pharmacokinetic drug interactions: from the perspectives of evidence based on randomized controlled trials and clinical risk management.Journal of pain research · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposethis study aimed to investigate the effect of antivirals ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxycodone, a widely used opioid receptor agonist used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain.
methodsa randomized crossover study design with three phases at intervals of 4 weeks was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers. Ritonavir 300 mg, lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg, or placebo b.i.d. for 4 days was given to the subjects. On day 3, 10 mg oxycodone hydrochloride was administered orally. Plasma concentrations of oxycodone, noroxycodone, oxymorphone, and noroxymorphone were determined for 48 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with standard noncompartmental methods. Behavioral effects and experimental cold pain analgesia were assessed for 12 h. ANOVA for repeated measures was used for statistical analysis.
resultsritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of oral oxycodone by 3.0-fold (range 1.9- to 4.3-fold; P <0.001) and 2.6-fold (range 1.9- to 3.3-fold; P <0.001). The mean (± SD) elimination half-life increased after ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir from 3.6 ± 0.6 to 5.6 ± 0.9 h (P <0.001) and 5.7 ± 0.9 h (P <0.001), respectively. Both ritonavir (P <0.001) and lopinavir/ritonavir (P <0.05) increased the self-reported drug effect of oxycodone.
conclusionsritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir greatly increase the plasma concentrations of oral oxycodone in healthy volunteers and enhance its effect. When oxycodone is used clinically in patients during ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir treatment, reductions in oxycodone dose may be needed to avoid opioid-related adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
20697700What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.