Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2010
In situ vaccination with a TLR9 agonist induces systemic lymphoma regression: a phase I/II study.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 276 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Le23 CPG: A Phase 1-2 Study of Intratumoral Injection of CPG 7909, A TLR 9 Agonist, Combined With Local Radiation in Recurrent Low-Grade Lymphomas
A Phase I/II Study of Intratumoral Injection of rhuFlt3L/CDX-301 and Poly-ICLC in Combination With Low-Dose Radiotherapy in Low-Grade B-cell Lymphomas
Treatment of Solid Tumors With Intratumoral Hiltonol® (Poly-ICLC): A Phase II Clinical Study
Radio-Immuno-Modulation for Advanced Lung Cancer: a Pilot Study Evaluating Tolerance and Immune Responses
Phase I Study of In Situ Autologous Vaccination Against Prostate Cancer With Intratumoral and Systemic Hiltonol® (Poly-ICLC) Prior To Radical Prostatectomy
Poly-ICLC (Hiltonol®) Plus Anti-PD1 or Anti-PD-L1 in Unresectable Solid Cancers An Adaptive Phase I/II Clinical Pilot Study
Phase I-II Study of Intratumoral Urelumab Combined With Nivolumab in Patients With Solid Tumors
Who cites it
276 citing papers in PubMed, 482 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical TLR7 agonist and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Autologous tumor cell vaccine induces antitumor T cell immune responses in patients with mantle cell lymphoma: A phase I/II trial.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Trial
- Systemic clinical tumor regressions and potentiation of PD1 blockade with in situ vaccination.Nature medicine · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Non-clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2016Trial
- Phase II Investigator-Initiated Study of Brentuximab Vedotin in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome With Variable CD30 Expression Level: A Multi-Institution Collaborative Project.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2015Trial
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Novel Radiotherapy Delivery Modalities and Their Potential to Synergize with Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Targeting prostate adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment via cancer nanotheranostics: a comprehensive update on improved roadmap for disease diagnosis, therapy and management.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Biomimetic Cell Membrane-coated Nanovaccines in Anti-tumor Immunotherapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Intratumoral TLR4 agonist therapy elicits antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion in metastatic leiomyosarcoma: a case series.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Next-generation immunotherapeutic approaches for blood cancers: Exploring the efficacy of CAR-T and cancer vaccines.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Integrating antigen capturing nanoparticles and type 1 conventional dendritic cell therapy for in situ cancer immunization.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Lefitolimod in Combination with Ipilimumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase I Trial.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2025Article
- Dendritic cell maturation in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- A Phase I Clinical Trial Adding OX40 Agonism to In Situ Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination in Patients with Low-Grade B-cell Lymphoma Highlights Challenges in Translation from Mouse to Human Studies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Preliminary evaluation of the safety and feasibility of toll-like receptor ligand CB101 combined with hypofractionated radiation therapy in canine head and neck cancer: a pilot study.Veterinary oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Tumor Immune Environment: Advances in the Cancer Immunotherapy Era.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
216 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeCombining tumor antigens with an immunostimulant can induce the immune system to specifically eliminate cancer cells. Generally, this combination is accomplished in an ex vivo, customized manner. In a preclinical lymphoma model, intratumoral injection of a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist induced systemic antitumor immunity and cured large, disseminated tumors. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe treated 15 patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma using low-dose radiotherapy to a single tumor site and-at that same site-injected the C-G enriched, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (also referred to as CpG) TLR9 agonist PF-3512676. Clinical responses were assessed at distant, untreated tumor sites. Immune responses were evaluated by measuring T-cell activation after in vitro restimulation with autologous tumor cells.
resultsThis in situ vaccination maneuver was well-tolerated with only grade 1 to 2 local or systemic reactions and no treatment-limiting adverse events. One patient had a complete clinical response, three others had partial responses, and two patients had stable but continually regressing disease for periods significantly longer than that achieved with prior therapies. Vaccination induced tumor-reactive memory CD8 T cells. Some patients' tumors were able to induce a suppressive, regulatory phenotype in autologous T cells in vitro; these patients tended to have a shorter time to disease progression. One clinically responding patient received a second course of vaccination after relapse resulting in a second, more rapid clinical response.
conclusionIn situ tumor vaccination with a TLR9 agonist induces systemic antilymphoma clinical responses. This maneuver is clinically feasible and does not require the production of a customized vaccine product.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.