ReviewCancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
Toll-like receptor agonists: are they good adjuvants?
Review in Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Decade in Review: A Systematic Review of Universal Influenza Vaccines in Clinical Trials during the 2010 Decade.Viruses · 2020Pooled it
- Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Characterization and comparison of innate and adaptive immune responses at vaccine sites in melanoma vaccine clinical trials.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Trial
- Resiquimod as an immunologic adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination in patients with high-risk melanoma.Cancer immunology research · 2015Trial
- Adjuvant vaccine immunotherapy of resected, clinically node-negative melanoma: long-term outcome and impact of HLA class I antigen expression on overall survival.Cancer immunology research · 2014Trial
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Multi-disciplinary approaches paving the way for clinically effective peptide vaccines for cancer.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Cancer Drug Targeting: Molecular Mechanism, Approaches, and Regulatory Framework.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2024Review
- Microbial Therapy and Breast Cancer Management: Exploring Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy, and Integration within the One Health Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Th1-polarized MtrE-based gonococcal vaccines display prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns affect transcription of genes in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway in goat blood.Animal biotechnology · 2023Article
- Efficiency of Interferon-γ in Activating Dendritic Cells and Its Potential Synergy with Toll-like Receptor Agonists.Viruses · 2023Article
- Therapeutic applications of toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists in AML.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Review
- Advances in Infectious Disease Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Systemically Administered TLR7/8 Agonist and Antigen-Conjugated Nanogels Govern Immune Responses against Tumors.ACS nano · 2022Article
- In silico construction of a multiepitope Zika virus vaccine using immunoinformatics tools.Scientific reports · 2022Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic immunization leading to cancer regression remains a significant challenge. Successful immunization requires activation of adaptive immunity, including tumor specific CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. Generally, the activation of T cells is compromised in patients with cancer because of immune suppression, loss of tumor antigen expression, and dysfunction of antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are key for the induction of adaptive antitumor immune responses. Recently, attention has focused on novel adjuvants that enhance dendritic cell function and their ability to prime T cells. Agonists that target toll-like receptors are being used clinically either alone or in combination with tumor antigens and showing initial success both in terms of enhancing immune responses and eliciting antitumor activity. This review summarizes the application of these adjuvants to treat cancer and the potential for boosting responses in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.