ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta2011
The blood-brain barrier, chemokines and multiple sclerosis.
Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- The epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis of MS: Therapeutic implications.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- CD8 T cells as drivers of blood-brain barrier disruption.Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: etiology in the context of neurovascular unit and immune system involvement and advancements withFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Revolutionizing Neuroimmunology: Unraveling Immune Dynamics and Therapeutic Innovations in CNS Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuroimmunological Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Ultrastructural Characterization of PBMCs and Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Blood-brain borders: a proposal to address limitations of historical blood-brain barrier terminology.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Review
- Identification of crucial inflammaging related risk factors in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Distribution of Iron, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium in Glia, Their Influence on Glial Cells and Relationship with Neurodegenerative Diseases.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- The C-C chemokine receptor 7: An immune molecule that modulates central nervous system function in homeostasis and disease.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Review
- Review
- Optimizing the synergy between stereotactic radiosurgery and immunotherapy for brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- GANAB andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Brain Metastases: Toward Unlocking Antitumor Immunity.Cancer discovery · 2022Review
- CD4Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Contributions of T cells in multiple sclerosis: what do we currently know?Journal of neurology · 2021Review
- Gateway Reflex and Mechanotransduction.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Blocking PDGF-CC signaling ameliorates multiple sclerosis-like neuroinflammation by inhibiting disruption of the blood-brain barrier.Scientific reports · 2020Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The infiltration of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) is an essential step in the neuropathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Leukocyte extravasation from the bloodstream is a multistep process that depends on several factors including fluid dynamics within the vasculature and molecular interactions between circulating leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. An important step in this cascade is the presence of chemokines on the vascular endothelial cell surface. Chemokines displayed along the endothelial lumen bind chemokine receptors on circulating leukocytes, initiating intracellular signaling that culminates in integrin activation, leukocyte arrest, and extravasation. The presence of chemokines at the endothelial lumen can help guide the movement of leukocytes through peripheral tissues during normal immune surveillance, host defense or inflammation. The expression and display of homeostatic or inflammatory chemokines therefore critically determine which leukocyte subsets extravasate and enter the peripheral tissues. Within the CNS, however, infiltrating leukocytes that cross the endothelium face additional boundaries to parenchymal entry, including the abluminal presence of localizing cues that prevent egress from perivascular spaces. This review focuses on the differential display of chemokines along endothelial surfaces and how they impact leukocyte extravasation into parenchymal tissues, especially within the CNS. In particular, the display of chemokines by endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier may be altered during CNS autoimmune disease, promoting leukocyte entry into this immunologically distinct site. Recent advances in microscopic techniques, including two-photon and intravital imaging have provided new insights into the mechanisms of chemokine-mediated capture of leukocytes within the CNS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.