Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20691972›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomechanics2010

Muscle contributions to propulsion and support during running.

Samuel R Hamner, Ajay Seth, Scott L Delp

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomechanics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 231 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
231citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

231 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Samuel R HamnerDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5450, USA. samner@stanford.edu
Ajay Seth
Scott L Delp

Funding

Physics-based Simulation of Biological Structures(RMI)U54GM072970 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ALTMAN, RUSS BIAGIO · 2004 to 2013
$33.5M
Simulation-Based Treatment Planning for Gait DisordersR01HD046814 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DELP, SCOTT L · 2004 to 2007
$1.4M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD046814NICHD NIH HHS R01HD046814NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM072970NIGMS NIH HHS U54GM072970
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Muscles actuate running by developing forces that propel the body forward while supporting the body's weight. To understand how muscles contribute to propulsion (i.e., forward acceleration of the mass center) and support (i.e., upward acceleration of the mass center) during running we developed a three-dimensional muscle-actuated simulation of the running gait cycle. The simulation is driven by 92 musculotendon actuators of the lower extremities and torso and includes the dynamics of arm motion. We analyzed the simulation to determine how each muscle contributed to the acceleration of the body mass center. During the early part of the stance phase, the quadriceps muscle group was the largest contributor to braking (i.e., backward acceleration of the mass center) and support. During the second half of the stance phase, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were the greatest contributors to propulsion and support. The arms did not contribute substantially to either propulsion or support, generating less than 1% of the peak mass center acceleration. However, the arms effectively counterbalanced the vertical angular momentum of the lower extremities. Our analysis reveals that the quadriceps and plantarflexors are the major contributors to acceleration of the body mass center during running.

Indexed as

AccelerationBiomechanical PhenomenaComputer SimulationGaitHumansJointsMaleModels, BiologicalMuscle ContractionRunningVideo Recording

Identifiers

PMID20691972
PMCPMC2973845

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.