ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2011
Correlation between serum caffeine levels and changes in cytokine profile in a cohort of preterm infants.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caffeine, Coffee, Tea and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Early Caffeine Use in Very Low Birth Weight Infants and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of Korean medical science · 2015Pooled it
- Putative mechanisms of caffeine as a neuroprotectant in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Editorial: Evaluating efficacy and outcomes in neonatal HIE treatment: A global perspective.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Effects of Caffeine on THP-1 Myelogenous Cell Inflammatory Gene Expression.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the effects of coffee consumption on the structure and function of the heart from multiple perspectives.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- What is the Role of Caffeine in the Management of Preterm Infants?Current treatment options in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Caffeine Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity: Single-Center Study on Dosing Practices and Perceived Effectiveness.Neonatology · 2025Article
- Caffeine: The Story beyond Oxygen-Induced Lung and Brain Injury in Neonatal Animal Models-A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Dose-Related Adverse Drug Events in Neonates: Recognition and Assessment.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Review
- Apnoea of Prematurity and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: Current Understanding and Future Prospects for Research.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
- The immunological link between neonatal lung and eye disease.Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Review
- Caffeine for the Pharmacological Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity in the NICU: Dose Selection Conundrum, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Genetic Factors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The Potential Benefit of Monitoring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs).Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Oxidative Stress in Preterm Infants: Overview of Current Evidence and Future Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Caffeine and its main targets of colorectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2020Review
- Mechanistic actions of oxygen and methylxanthines on respiratory neural control and for the treatment of neonatal apnea.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2020Review
- Prevention of Oxygen-Induced Inflammatory Lung Injury by Caffeine in Neonatal Rats.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- Intermittent Hypoxemia in Preterm Infants.Clinics in perinatology · 2019Review
- Antioxidative effects of caffeine in a hyperoxia-based rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Respiratory research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine changes in cytokine levels associated with caffeine treatment in a cohort of preterm infants. STUDY
designFor this observational prospective study, we collected clinical data from 26 preterm infants (≤ 30 weeks gestational age). In addition to caffeine levels, cytokine profiles in peripheral blood (PB) and tracheal aspirates (TA) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at birth, before and after (at 24 hours and 1 week) initiation of caffeine. Non-parametric statistics were applied.
resultsIncluded infants were 26.9 ± 1.7 weeks gestational age and weighed 985 ± 202 g. At birth, all cytokine concentrations were significantly greater in TA than PB. Serum caffeine levels were 11.1 μg/mL (interquartile range, 1.85) at approximately 24 hours post-load and 16.4 (8.7) μg/mL at 1 week on treatment. At approximately 24 hours post-load, interleukin (IL)-10 levels decreased by 47.5% (P = .01) in PB and 38.5% (P = .03) in TA, whereas other cytokine levels remained unchanged. At 1 week, caffeine levels were correlated (U-shaped) with changes in proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (R(2) = 0.65; P = .0008), interleukin (IL)-1β (R(2) = 0.73; P = .0007), and IL-6 (R(2) = 0.59; P = .003), whereas inversely correlated (linear) with the anti-inflammatory IL-10 (R(2) = 0.64; P = .0008). Altogether, caffeine, at serum levels ≥ 20 μg/mL, was associated with a proinflammatory profile after 1 week of treatment.
conclusionsCaffeine treatment for apnea of prematurity correlates with changes in cytokine profile. Caffeine levels ≥ 20 μg/mL are associated with a proinflammatory profile in our cohort of preterm infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.