Trial reportJournal of health communication2010
The effect of format on parents' understanding of the risks and benefits of clinical research: a comparison between text, tables, and graphics.
Trial report in Journal of health communication, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03023813 (Individualizing Disease Prevention for Middle-Aged Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Individualizing Disease Prevention for Middle-Aged Adults
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of factors associated with side-effect expectations from medical interventions.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2020Pooled it
- Decision aids for people considering taking part in clinical trials.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Risk as an attribute in discrete choice experiments: a systematic review of the literature.The patient · 2014Pooled it
- Improving understanding in the research informed consent process: a systematic review of 54 interventions tested in randomized control trials.BMC medical ethics · 2013Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A randomized control trial of re-designed and shorter research informed consent forms to improve comprehension.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Trial
- A Web-Based Tool to Perform a Values Clarification for Stroke Prevention in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Design and Preliminary Testing Study.JMIR cardio · 2025Trial
- Using Separate Single-Outcome Risk Presentations Instead of Integrated Multioutcome Formats Improves Comprehension in Discrete Choice Experiments.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024Trial
- Infographics on risks associated with COVID-19 and the willingness to get the AstraZeneca vaccine: two randomized online experiments.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of Three Numerical Presentation Formats on Lay People's Comprehension and Risk Perception of Fact Boxes-A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Development and Pilot Evaluation of a Decision Aid for Small Kidney Masses.Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR · 2022Trial
- Icon arrays reduce concern over COVID-19 vaccine side effects: a randomized control study.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2022Trial
- Effect of Individualized Preventive Care Recommendations vs Usual Care on Patient Interest and Use of Recommendations: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Does Animation Improve Comprehension of Risk Information in Patients with Low Health Literacy? A Randomized Trial.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2020Trial
- Improved parental understanding by an enhanced informed consent form: a randomized controlled study nested in a paediatric drug trial.BMJ open · 2019Trial
- Functional imagery training versus motivational interviewing for weight loss: a randomised controlled trial of brief individual interventions for overweight and obesity.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2019Trial
- The impact of numeracy on verbatim knowledge of the longitudinal risk for prostate cancer recurrence following radiation therapy.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2015Trial
- Enhancing patient understanding of medical procedures: evaluation of an interactive multimedia program with in-line exercises.International journal of medical informatics · 2014Trial
- Informing the uninformed: optimizing the consent message using a fractional factorial design.JAMA pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Using animated computer-generated text and graphics to depict the risks and benefits of medical treatment.The American journal of medicine · 2012Trial
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is a paucity of information regarding the optimal method of presenting risk/benefit information to parents of pediatric research subjects. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the effect of different message formats on parents' understanding of research risks and benefits. An Internet-administered survey was completed by 4,685 parents who were randomized to receive risk/benefit information about a study of pediatric postoperative pain control presented in different message formats (text, tables, and pictographs). Survey questions assessed participants' gist and verbatim understanding of the information and their perceptions of the risks and benefits. Pictographs were associated with significantly (p < .05) greater likelihood of adequate gist and verbatim understanding compared with text and tables regardless of the participants' numeracy. Parents who received the information in pictograph format perceived the risks to be lower and the benefits to be higher compared with the other formats (p < .001). Furthermore, compared with text and tables, pictographs were perceived as more "effective," "helpful," and "trustworthy" in presenting risk/benefit information. These results underscore the difficulties associated with presenting risk/benefit information for clinical research but suggest a simple method for enhancing parents' informed understanding of the relevant statistics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.