ArticleInternational journal of tryptophan research : IJTR2010
Specificity of the acute tryptophan and tyrosine plus phenylalanine depletion and loading tests I. Review of biochemical aspects and poor specificity of current amino Acid formulations.
Article in International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Tryptophan and Tyrosine in Executive Function and Reward Processing.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2020Review
- The Role of Serotonin (5-HT) in Behavioral Control: Findings from Animal Research and Clinical Implications.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Standardization of formulations for the acute amino acid depletion and loading tests.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2015Article
- Simplified dietary acute tryptophan depletion: effects of a novel amino acid mixture on the neurochemistry of C57BL/6J mice.Food & nutrition research · 2015Article
- Dietary manipulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic function in C57BL/6J mice with amino acid depletion mixtures.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2014Article
- Mechanisms of the pellagragenic effect of leucine: stimulation of hepatic tryptophan oxidation by administration of branched-chain amino acids to healthy human volunteers and the role of plasma free tryptophan and total kynurenines.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2014Article
- Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: a review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2013Review
- Novel nutritional treatment for manic and psychotic disorders: a review of tryptophan and tyrosine depletion studies and the potential of protein-based formulations using glycomacropeptide.Psychopharmacology · 2013Review
- Specificity of the Acute Tryptophan and Tyrosine Plus Phenylalanine Depletion and Loading Tests Part II: Normalisation of the Tryptophan and the Tyrosine Plus Phenylalanine to Competing Amino Acid Ratios in a New Control Formulation.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2010Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
The acute tryptophan or tyrosine plus phenylalanine depletion and loading tests are powerful tools for studying the roles of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in normal subjects and those with behavioural disorders. The current amino acid formulations for these tests, however, are associated with undesirable decreases in ratios of tryptophan or tyrosine plus phenylalanine to competing amino acids resulting in loss of specificity. This could confound biochemical and behavioural findings. Compositions of current formulations are reviewed, the biochemical principles underpinning the tests are revisited and examples of unintended changes in the above ratios and their impact on monoamine function and behaviour will be demonstrated from data in the literature. The presence of excessive amounts of the 3 branched-chain amino acids Leu, Ile and Val is responsible for these unintended decreases and the consequent loss of specificity. Strategies for enhancing the specificity of the different formulations are proposed.
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