Trial reportPsychoneuroendocrinology2011
Progesterone improves cognitive performance and attenuates smoking urges in abstinent smokers.
Trial report in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic and meta-analytic review of research examining the impact of menstrual cycle phase and ovarian hormones on smoking and cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Pooled it
- Progesterone Increases Nicotine Withdrawal and Anxiety in Male but Not Female Smokers During Brief Abstinence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Effect of progesterone administration in male and female smokers on nicotine withdrawal and neural response to smoking cues: role of progesterone conversion to allopregnanolone.Biology of sex differences · 2022Trial
- Acute effects of inhaled menthol on cognitive effects of intravenous nicotine among young adult cigarette smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2021Trial
- The effect of oxytocin, gender, and ovarian hormones on stress reactivity in individuals with cocaine use disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Exogenous progesterone for smoking cessation in men and women: a pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Trial
- Smoking-related symptomatology in pregnant smokers during ad libitum smoking and following overnight smoking abstinence.BMC research notes · 2019Trial
- Exogenous progesterone for cannabis withdrawal in women: Feasibility trial of a novel multimodal methodology.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Trial
- Sex differences in tobacco smokers: Executive control network and frontostriatal connectivity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Acute effects of inhaled menthol on the rewarding effects of intravenous nicotine in smokers.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2018Trial
- Ovarian Hormones and Transdermal Nicotine Administration Independently and Synergistically Suppress Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms and Smoking Reinstatement in the Human Laboratory.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Progesterone for smoking relapse prevention following delivery: A pilot, randomized, double-blind study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2017Trial
- Progesterone and Postpartum Smoking Relapse: A Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Increasing progesterone levels are associated with smoking abstinence among free-cycling women smokers who receive brief pharmacotherapy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- Smoking- and menstrual-related symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence by menstrual phase and depressive symptoms.Addictive behaviors · 2014Trial
- Progesterone Attenuates the Stress Response in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - A Pilot Study.Journal of dual diagnosisTrial
- Daily Ovarian Hormone Exposure and Loss of Control Eating in Adolescent Girls: A Stage 2 Registered Report.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Sex differences in stress responding in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of progesterone in cannabis use disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Serum Oestradiol and Progesterone Levels on Intraocular Pressure and Systemic Health: Hormonal and Physiological Interactions in Female Dogs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- We must look beyond primary reinforcement to understand nicotine use in women.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProgesterone, a steroid hormone, has been implicated in many CNS functions including reward, cognition, and neuroprotection. The goal of this study was to examine the dose-dependent effects of progesterone on cognitive performance, smoking urges, and smoking behavior in smokers.
methodsThirty female and thirty-four male smokers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Female smokers were in the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle during study participation. Smokers were randomly assigned to either 200 or 400mg/day of progesterone or placebo, given in two separate doses, during clinic visit. The first 3 days of the treatment period, smokers abstained from smoking, which was verified with breath CO levels. Smokers attended an experimental session on day 4 where the number of cigarettes smoked were recorded starting 2h after the medication treatment.
resultsProgesterone treatment, 200mg/day, significantly improved cognitive performance in the Stroop and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Progesterone at 400mg/day was associated with reduced urges for smoking but did not change ad lib smoking behavior.
conclusionsThese findings suggest a potential therapeutic value of progesterone for smoking cessation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.