ArticleThe Prostate2011
Galectin-3 is a substrate for prostate specific antigen (PSA) in human seminal plasma.
Article in The Prostate, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prostate Cancer Biomarkers with a Focus on Galectin-3: Emerging Clinical and Therapeutic Implications.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Biochemical Insights into Prostate-Specific Antigen: From Biomarker to Functional Mediator in Prostate Cancer Pathophysiology.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- A PSA SNP associates with cellular function and clinical outcome in men with prostate cancer.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Galectin-3 in prostate cancer and heart diseases: a biomarker for these two frightening pathologies?Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Gal-3 Protein Expression and Localization in Prostate Tumours.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Inhibition of galectins in cancer: Biological challenges for their clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bone Remodeling and Bone Metastasis: Implications in Prostate Cancer.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2021Review
- Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities.Nature reviews. Urology · 2019Review
- Prostate Cancer Risk-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Affects Prostate-Specific Antigen Glycosylation and Its Function.Clinical chemistry · 2019Article
- The Sweet-Side of Leukocytes: Galectins as Master Regulators of Neutrophil Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Galectins as Molecular Targets for Therapeutic Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Overexpression of the galectin-3 during tumor progression in prostate cancer and its clinical implications.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2018Article
- Alteration of galectin-3 in tears of patients with dry eye disease.American journal of ophthalmology · 2015Observational
- Investigation of galectin-3 function in the reproductive tract by identification of binding ligands in human seminal plasma.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2014Article
- Proteolytic activity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) towards protein substrates and effect of peptides stimulating PSA activity.PloS one · 2014Article
- Proteomic analysis of seminal fluid from men exhibiting oxidative stress.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2013Article
- Proteomic identification of galectin-3 binding ligands and characterization of galectin-3 proteolytic cleavage in human prostasomes.Andrology · 2013Article
- Prostate-specific kallikrein-related peptidases and their relation to prostate cancer biology and detection. Established relevance and emerging roles.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGalectin-3 is a multivalent carbohydrate-binding protein involved in cell adhesion, cell cycle control, immunomodulation, and cancer progression, including prostate cancer. Galectin-3 function is regulated by proteolytic cleavage that destroys galectin-3 multivalency while preserving carbohydrate-binding activity. In human semen, galectin-3 is present in seminal plasma and is also associated with prostasomes, exosome-like vesicles secreted by the prostate. In the current study, we characterized the proteolytic activity that cleaves galectin-3 in human seminal plasma.
methodsAn in vitro assay was developed to investigate galectin-3 cleavage in seminal plasma. The effect of protease inhibitors, divalent ion chelators, and Zn(2+) on the cleavage activity was determined. Proteases enriched from seminal plasma were tested for their ability to cleave galectin-3. Affinity purification and microsequence analysis were used to identify the cleavage site in galectin-3.
resultsGalectin-3 was identified in human seminal plasma in an intact and truncated form. Gelatinases enriched from seminal plasma did not cleave galectin-3. Inhibitor studies indicated that the galectin-3 cleavage activity in seminal plasma is a Zn(2+) sensitive, serine protease. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was demonstrated to cleave galectin-3 between tyrosine¹⁰⁷-glycine¹⁰⁸ and produce a functionally active, monovalent lectin.
conclusionsPSA is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease secreted by the prostatic epithelium and normally functions in liquefaction of semen following ejaculation. Furthermore, PSA is implicated in the promotion of localized prostate tumors and bone metastases by its roles in immunomodulation, invasion, and apoptosis. Our results indicate that PSA regulates galectin-3 in human semen and may regulate galectin-3 function during prostate cancer progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.