ArticlePloS one2010
Role of the ATM-checkpoint kinase 2 pathway in CDT-mediated apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Illuminating the oral microbiome: cellular microbiology.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
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- Cytolethal Distending Toxin Promotes Replicative Stress Leading to Genetic Instability Transmitted to Daughter Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- The Cell-Cycle Regulatory Protein p21Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Virulence and Pathogenicity Properties ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Article
- Article
- Cell resistance to the Cytolethal Distending Toxin involves an association of DNA repair mechanisms.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Subversion of host genome integrity by bacterial pathogens.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2016Review
- Review
- Mini but mighty: microRNAs in the pathobiology of periodontal disease.Periodontology 2000 · 2015Review
- Chk2 and REGγ-dependent DBC1 regulation in DNA damage induced apoptosis.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Smad2 is involved in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced apoptosis.Journal of dental research · 2014Article
- Sensitization of radio-resistant prostate cancer cells with a unique cytolethal distending toxin.Oncotarget · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
- What's the damage? The impact of pathogens on pathways that maintain host genome integrity.Cell host & microbe · 2014Review
- A new functional site W115 in CdtA is critical for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin.PloS one · 2013Article
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection enhances apoptosis in vivo through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism in experimental periodontitis.Infection and immunity · 2012Article
- Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) of the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cell types. Western analysis, pharmacological inhibition and siRNA silencing were performed in human immortalized gingival keratinocytes (HIGK) to dissect the functional role of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway in the signal transduction steps triggered by the CDT. Infection of HIGK was associated with a time-dependent induction of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation. However, in the absence of CDT, infected HIGK underwent reversible DNA strand breaks but not apoptosis, while caspase 3 activity, p21 levels, and HIGK viability were unaffected. Caspase 9 activity was attenuated in the CDT mutant-infected HIGK compared to wild-type infected cells. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA-silencing of the ATM downstream effector, the protein kinase checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), significantly impacted CDT-mediated apoptosis. Together, these findings provide insight on the specificity of the ATM-Chk2 pathway in response to the CDT of A. actinomycetemcomitans in oral epithelial cells, which ultimately leads to apoptosis. We further propose the existence of an unidentified factor that is distinct from the CDT, and involved with a reversible DNA fragmentation that does not trigger terminal apoptosis in oral epithelial cells. This model potentially explains conflicting reports on the biological activity of the A. actinomycetemcomitans CDT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.