ReviewCritical care (London, England)2010
Bench-to-bedside review: Chloride in critical illness.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05542927 (Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 121 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: Urinary Chloride as a Prognostic Marker
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 323 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Hypochloremia in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
- 0.9% saline versus Plasma-Lyte as initial fluid in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (SPinK trial): a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- The Safety of a Conservative Fluid Replacement Strategy in Adults Hospitalised with Malaria.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Balanced versus chloride-rich solutions for fluid resuscitation in brain-injured patients: a randomised double-blind pilot study.Critical care (London, England) · 2013Trial
- SGLT2 inhibitors preserve serum chloride in non-diabetic CKD: a propensity-matched and LASSO regression analysis.Renal failure · 2026Article
- The 'Chloride Theory' for Heart Failure Pathophysiology: An Updated Narrative Review 2025.Cardiology and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Chloremia Disturbances in Critical Care: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact and Management Strategies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Timing of lactated Ringer's administration relative to Sepsis-3 diagnosis and 28-day mortality: A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical application of a self- dislodging biliary stent for one-stage suturing following choledochotomy.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Article
- Initial serum chloride is associated with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Association between sodium-chloride difference at ICU admission and 30-day mortality: a retrospective cohort study of critically ill adults.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Machine learning models predict mortality risk in diabetic neuropathy patients using MIMIC-IV data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Science-based fluid therapy in the intensive care unit: Professor Rinaldo Bellomo's legacy.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Review
- Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Using Causal SurvivalNet With Serum Chloride and Other Causal Factors: Cross-Country Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Electrolyte disorders in the critically ill: a retrospective analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of serum chloride levels with all-cause mortality among patients in surgical intensive care units: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Selection of intraoperative fluid for kidney transplantation.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chloride is the principal anion in the extracellular fluid and is the second main contributor to plasma tonicity. Its concentration is frequently abnormal in intensive care unit patients, often as a consequence of fluid therapy. Yet chloride has received less attention than any other ion in the critical care literature. New insights into its physiological roles have emerged together with progress in understanding the structures and functions of chloride channels. In clinical practice, interest in a physicochemical approach to acid-base physiology has directed renewed attention to chloride as a major determinant of acid-base status. It has also indirectly helped to generate interest in other possible effects of disorders of chloraemia. The present review summarizes key aspects of chloride physiology, including its channels, as well as the clinical relevance of disorders of chloraemia. The paper also highlights current knowledge on the impact of different types of intravenous fluids on chloride concentration and the potential effects of such changes on organ physiology. Finally, the review examines the potential intensive care unit practice implications of a better understanding of chloride.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.