Trial reportBlood2010
Elevated frequencies of highly activated CD4+ T cells in HIV+ patients developing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Trial report in Blood, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Cohort Observational Study Evaluating Predictors, Incidence and Immunopathogenesis of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-1 Infected Patients With CD4 Count Less Than or Equal to 100 Cells/microL Who Are Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
Clinical, Virologic, and Immunologic Evaluation and Monitoring of Patients With Known or Suspected HIV Infection
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: A Literature Review.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CarePooled it
- The association of class II HLA alleles with tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.PLoS pathogens · 2025Trial
- TB-IRIS, T-cell activation, and remodeling of the T-cell compartment in highly immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients with TB.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Mycobacterial antigen driven activation of CD14++CD16- monocytes is a predictor of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Expansion of pathogens and restoration of human skin microbiome in CD4 T-cell lymphopenia.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Temporal shifts in adaptive immunity drive HIV-associated cryptococcal IRIS: mechanisms, models, and therapeutic opportunities.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Neural oscillations serving abstract reasoning are differentially associated with inflammatory markers in people with HIV.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-associated non-cholesterol sterol dysregulation modulates immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Rapidly progressive relapsing polychondritis following surgery for lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Latent microbial reactivation and immune dysregulation in sarcoidosis: bridging pathogenesis and precision therapeutics.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Regulatory T Cells Kinetics in Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infected Individuals.Journal of molecular and clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A narrative review of the controversy on the risk of mycobacterial infections with immune checkpoint inhibitor use: does Goldilocks have the answer?Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Article
- Mechanisms underlying the development of type 1 diabetes in ART-treated people living with HIV: an enigmatic puzzle.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Natural Killer Repertoire Restoration in TB/HIV Co-Infected Individuals Experienced an Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (CAMELIA Trial, ANRS 12153).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Immune responses to human fungal pathogens and therapeutic prospects.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- Exploiting antifungal immunity in the clinical context.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a considerable problem in the treatment of HIV-infected patients. To identify immunologic correlates of IRIS, we characterized T-cell phenotypic markers and serum cytokine levels in HIV patients with a range of different AIDS-defining illnesses, before and at regular time points after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Patients developing IRIS episodes displayed higher frequencies of effector memory, PD-1(+), HLA-DR(+), and Ki67(+) CD4(+) T cells than patients without IRIS. Moreover, PD-1(+) CD4(+) T cells in IRIS patients expressed increased levels of LAG-3, CTLA-4, and ICOS and had a Th1/Th17 skewed cytokine profile upon polyclonal stimulation. Elevated PD-1 and Ki67 expression was also seen in regulatory T cells of IRIS patients. Furthermore, IRIS patients displayed higher serum interferon-γ, compared with non-IRIS patients, near the time of their IRIS events and higher serum interleukin-7 levels, suggesting that the T-cell populations are also exposed to augmented homeostatic signals. In conclusion, our findings indicate that IRIS appears to be a predominantly CD4-mediated phenomenon with reconstituting effector and regulatory T cells showing evidence of increased activation from antigenic exposure. These studies are registered online at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00557570 and NCT00286767.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.