ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Identification of a third variable lymphocyte receptor in the lamprey.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the molecular evolution and immune functions of Lr-CD40 in Lethenteron reissneri.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- An invariant VLR-like receptor refines the T-like cell framework in lamprey.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Variable lymphocyte receptor F is generated via somatic diversification and expressed by lamprey T-like cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Thermostable lamprey variable lymphocyte receptor antibody for detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein-2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Multiple Roles of Notch1 in Biological Development: An Analysis and Study Based on Phylogenetics and Transcriptomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evolution of two distinct variable lymphocyte receptors in lampreys: VLRD and VLRE.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of a B Cell Adaptor for Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Homolog in Lamprey (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Superfamily Cytokines and Their Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs).Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- Molecular Evolution of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Gene Family and the Functional Characterization of Lamprey TGF-β2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evolution of variable lymphocyte receptor B antibody loci in jawless vertebrates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The immune system of jawless vertebrates: insights into the prototype of the adaptive immune system.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- Lost structural and functional inter-relationships between Ig and TCR loci in mammals revealed in sharks.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- Putative Immunological Functions of Inducible Skin-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Context of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- A novel protein upstream stimulatory factor 2 identified in lamprey, Lethenteron reissneri.Development genes and evolution · 2020Article
- AncientJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- The variable lymphocyte receptor as an antibody alternative.Current opinion in biotechnology · 2018Review
- VLR Recognition of TLR5 Expands the Molecular Characterization of Protein Antigen Binding by Non-Ig-based Antibodies.Journal of molecular biology · 2018Article
- Expansions, diversification, and interindividual copy number variations of AID/APOBEC family cytidine deaminase genes in lampreys.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Biochemical Regulatory Features of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Remain Conserved from Lampreys to Humans.Molecular and cellular biology · 2017Article
- Leucine-rich-repeat-containing variable lymphocyte receptors as modules to target plant-expressed proteins.Plant methods · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Jawless vertebrates such as lamprey and hagfish lack T-cell and B-cell receptors; instead, they have unique antigen receptors known as variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). VLRs generate diversity by recombining highly diverse leucine-rich repeat modules and are expressed clonally on lymphocyte-like cells (LLCs). Thus far, two types of receptors, VLRA and VLRB, have been identified in lampreys and hagfish. Recent evidence indicates that VLRA and VLRB are expressed on distinct populations of LLCs that resemble T cells and B cells of jawed vertebrates, respectively. Here we identified a third VLR, designated VLRC, in the lamprey. None of the approximately 100 VLRC cDNA clones subjected to sequencing had an identical sequence, indicating that VLRC can generate sufficient diversity to function as antigen receptors. Notably, the C-terminal cap of VLRC exhibits only limited diversity and has important structural differences relative to VLRA and VLRB. Single-cell PCR analysis identified LLCs that rearranged VLRC but not VLRA or VLRB, suggesting the presence of a unique population of LLCs that express only VLRC.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.