ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2010
HIV-1 protease mutations and protease inhibitor cross-resistance.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Trends in HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and HIV-1 variant dynamics among antiretroviral therapy-naive Ethiopians from 2003 to 2018: a pooled sequence analysis.Virology journal · 2023Pooled it
- Pretreatment Resistance to Integrase Inhibitors in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study From 1995 to 2025.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Deep Contrastive Learning for High-Throughput Prediction of Drug Resistance Mutations from Sequences.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Single Pediatric Case of Vertically Acquired HIV-1 Subtype C with Baseline Resistance to Protease Inhibitors.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Phenotypic impacts of treatment-selected mutations in HIV-2 protease on darunavir and lopinavir susceptibility: Evaluating genotypic HIV-2 drug resistance tools.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Forecasting drug resistant HIV protease evolution.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Exploring evolutionary trajectories of drug resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dynamic Allostery: Evolution's Double-Edged Sword in Protein Function and Disease.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- Benchmarking Machine Learning Models for HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Resistance Prediction: Impact of Data Set Construction and Feature Representation.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1 diversity and pre-treatment drug resistance in the era of integrase inhibitor among newly diagnosed ART-naïve adult patients in Luanda, Angola.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Phenomenon of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in the Context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Dynamic and Ever Evolving Subject Matter.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Genotyping and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV Patients in Southern Santa Catarina, Brazil.Current HIV research · 2024Article
- Inherently interpretable position-aware convolutional motif kernel networks for biological sequencing data.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Comprehending the Structure, Dynamics, and Mechanism of Action of Drug-Resistant HIV Protease.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Inhibition of HIV-1 Protease by a Boronic Acid with High Oxidative Stability.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2023Article
- HIV and Drug-Resistant Subtypes.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Machine learning aided multiscale modelling of the HIV-1 infection in the presence of NRTI therapy.PeerJ · 2023Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The effects of many protease inhibitor (PI)-selected mutations on the susceptibility to individual PIs are unknown. We analyzed in vitro susceptibility test results on 2,725 HIV-1 protease isolates. More than 2,400 isolates had been tested for susceptibility to fosamprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir; 2,130 isolates had been tested for susceptibility to lopinavir; 1,644 isolates had been tested for susceptibility to atazanavir; 1,265 isolates had been tested for susceptibility to tipranavir; and 642 isolates had been tested for susceptibility to darunavir. We applied least-angle regression (LARS) to the 200 most common mutations in the data set and identified a set of 46 mutations associated with decreased PI susceptibility of which 40 were not polymorphic in the eight most common HIV-1 group M subtypes. We then used least-squares regression to ascertain the relative contribution of each of these 46 mutations. The median number of mutations associated with decreased susceptibility to each PI was 28 (range, 19 to 32), and the median number of mutations associated with increased susceptibility to each PI was 2.5 (range, 1 to 8). Of the mutations with the greatest effect on PI susceptibility, I84AV was associated with decreased susceptibility to eight PIs; V32I, G48V, I54ALMSTV, V82F, and L90M were associated with decreased susceptibility to six to seven PIs; I47A, G48M, I50V, L76V, V82ST, and N88S were associated with decreased susceptibility to four to five PIs; and D30N, I50L, and V82AL were associated with decreased susceptibility to fewer than four PIs. This study underscores the greater impact of nonpolymorphic mutations compared with polymorphic mutations on decreased PI susceptibility and provides a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the effects of individual mutations on susceptibility to the eight clinically available PIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.