ReviewJournal of virology2010
Viral mutation rates.
Review in Journal of virology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 728 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
728 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,275 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioinformatics Tools and Approaches for Virus Discovery in Genomic Data: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
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- Predicting unknown mammalian viral hosts with Dynamic Positive-Unlabeled learning.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Atlastin-2-mediated endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering is critical for flavivirus replication.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Harnessing the central dogma: Enzyme-driven gene diversification strategies for in cellulo continuous directed evolution.Fundamental research · 2026Review
- Temporal Rewiring of Innate Immunity by Vector-Borne Viruses for Host-Directed Antiviral Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Species-specific barriers restrict virus spillover potential across the Caenorhabditis genus.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Enlarging viral mutation estimation: a view from the distribution of mutation rates.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Concepts of RNA virus evolution for the design of better antiviral countermeasures.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Single amino acid substitution in RdRp reduces viral recombination frequency of NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 2.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Comprehensive mapping of the virus and host factors that guide the paths of HIV-1 escape from a therapeutic.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Haplotype and diversity signatures of ultra-soft selective sweeps in HIV-1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary trajectory of microbial sulfur oxidation pathways recapitulates Earth's oxygenation history.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of Anti-Viral Compounds fromJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Using pangenome variation graphs to improve mutation detection in a large DNA virus.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Coevolutionary dynamics of viruses and their defective interfering particles.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- KSHV Genome in Saliva, Whole Blood and Kaposi's Sarcoma Biopsy Specimens in Republic of Congo: Phylogenetic Analysis and an APOBEC3B Mutational Signature.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
668 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Accurate estimates of virus mutation rates are important to understand the evolution of the viruses and to combat them. However, methods of estimation are varied and often complex. Here, we critically review over 40 original studies and establish criteria to facilitate comparative analyses. The mutation rates of 23 viruses are presented as substitutions per nucleotide per cell infection (s/n/c) and corrected for selection bias where necessary, using a new statistical method. The resulting rates range from 10(-8) to 10(-6) s/n/c for DNA viruses and from 10(-6) to 10(-4) s/n/c for RNA viruses. Similar to what has been shown previously for DNA viruses, there appears to be a negative correlation between mutation rate and genome size among RNA viruses, but this result requires further experimental testing. Contrary to some suggestions, the mutation rate of retroviruses is not lower than that of other RNA viruses. We also show that nucleotide substitutions are on average four times more common than insertions/deletions (indels). Finally, we provide estimates of the mutation rate per nucleotide per strand copying, which tends to be lower than that per cell infection because some viruses undergo several rounds of copying per cell, particularly double-stranded DNA viruses. A regularly updated virus mutation rate data set will be available at www.uv.es/rsanjuan/virmut.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.