ArticleToxins2009
Actin Crosslinking Toxins of Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Article in Toxins, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- High resolution immunoinformatic profiling of Zonula occludens toxin reveals a conserved multiepitope vaccine candidate inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Effects of Bile on PathogenicBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Structural and functional mechanisms of actin isoforms.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Genomic landscape of NDM-1 producing multidrug-resistant Providencia stuartii causing burn wound infections in Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An Overview of Anti-Eukaryotic T6SS Effectors.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- The Modes of Action of MARTX Toxin Effector Domains.Toxins · 2018Review
- Mechanisms of inflammasome activation by Vibrio cholerae secreted toxins vary with strain biotype.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Production, crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of a complex between a fragment of the TssM T6SS protein and a camelid nanobody.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2015Article
- Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin heterologous translocation of beta-lactamase and roles of individual effector domains on cytoskeleton dynamics.Molecular microbiology · 2015Article
- A novel phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding domain mediates plasma membrane localization of ExoU and other patatin-like phospholipases.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Roles of Asp179 and Glu270 in ADP-Ribosylation of Actin by Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- Identification of a His-Asp-Cys catalytic triad essential for function of the Rho inactivation domain (RID) of Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Crystal structure of the VgrG1 actin cross-linking domain of the Vibrio cholerae type VI secretion system.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Vibrio vulnificus rtxA1 gene recombination generates toxin variants with altered potency during intestinal infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Actin crosslinking toxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria represent a small but unique class of bacterial protein toxins. For each of these toxins, a discrete actin crosslinking domain (ACD) that is a distant member of the ATP-dependent glutamine synthetase family of protein ligases is translocated to the eukaryotic cell cytosol. This domain then incorporates a glutamate-lysine crosslink between actin monomers, resulting in destruction of the actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies argue that the function of these toxins during infection is not destruction of epithelial layers, but rather may specifically target phagocytic cells to promote survival of bacteria after the onset of innate immune defenses. This review will summarize key experiments performed over the past 10 years to reveal the function of these toxins.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.