ArticleAIDS (London, England)2010
Evidence of persistent low-level viremia in long-term HAART-suppressed, HIV-infected individuals.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modelling HIV-1 2-LTR dynamics following raltegravir intensification.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2013Trial
- Pegylated Interferon alfa-2a monotherapy results in suppression of HIV type 1 replication and decreased cell-associated HIV DNA integration.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Circulating cell-free DNA as a biomarker for immune function and disease progression in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional observational study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Tat-specific antibodies associated with better HIV-associated motor function.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1C in-House RNA-Based Genotyping Assay for Detection of Drug Resistance Mutations in Samples with Low-Level Viral Loads.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Therapeutic vaccine-mediated Gag-specific CD8Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Role of Autophagy in Von Willebrand Factor Secretion by Endothelial Cells and in the In Vivo Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex Formation Promoted by the HIV-1 Matrix Protein p17.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Review
- T-Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Can Neutralize HIV Infectivity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2018Article
- Examining Relationships between Metabolism and Persistent Inflammation in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Review
- HIV, Tat and dopamine transmission.Neurobiology of disease · 2017Review
- Genetic defects in theJournal of ginseng research · 2017Article
- Engineering HIV-Resistant, Anti-HIV Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Article
- Reduced adherence to antiretroviral therapy is associated with residual low-level viremia.Pragmatic and observational research · 2017Article
- HIV as a Cause of Immune Activation and Immunosenescence.Mediators of inflammation · 2017Review
- A Robust PCR Protocol for HIV Drug Resistance Testing on Low-Level Viremia Samples.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Combining Cell and Gene Therapy in an Effort to Eradicate HIV.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2016Article
- Altered Monocyte and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression Is Linked to Vascular Inflammation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Negative Feedback Regulation of HIV-1 by Gene Editing Strategy.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHAART can effectively reduce plasma HIV RNA levels to below the level of detection in most HIV-infected patients. The degree to which residual low-level viremia persists during HAART remains unclear.
methodsWe identified 180 individuals (median duration of HIV infection 12 years) who had at least two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below the level of detection (<50-75 copies/ml) while taking antiretroviral drugs; 36 of 180 had been virologically suppressed for more than 5 years. Longitudinal plasma samples that were taken from these individuals during periods of viral load suppression were selected and analyzed. The isothermal transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) (limit of detection <3.5 copies RNA/ml) assay was used to measure persistent viremia. A 'detuned' EIA assay was used to obtain quantitative HIV antibody levels.
resultsA total of 1606 TMA assays were performed on 438 specimens in 180 HAART-suppressed individuals (median 3 replicates per specimen). In the first year of viral suppression, plasma RNA levels declined significantly (P = 0.001), but after month 12 there was no evidence for a continued decline (P = 0.383). In the first year of viral suppression, HIV antibody levels also declined (P = 0.054), but after month 12 there was no evidence for a continued decline (P = 0.988).
conclusionViremia continued to decline during the first 12 months after viremia became undetectable using conventional methods, and then remained stable. HIV antibody levels also decreased in the first year of viral suppression and then remained stable. Viremia and the HIV-associated host response appear to achieve a steady-state 'set-point' during long-term combination therapy.
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