Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2010
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 10 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,073 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Rituximab Therapy for the Induction of Remission and Tolerance in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (ITN021AI)
Rituximab for Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis (RAVE) Long-Term Follow-Up Study
An International, Open Label, Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Rituximab With Azathioprine as Maintenance Therapy in Relapsing ANCA-associated Vasculitis
Low-dose Glucocorticoids Plus Rituximab Versus High-dose Glucocorticoids Plus Rituximab for Remission Induction in ANCA-associated Vasculitis; a Multicentre, Open Label, Randomised Control Trial
Rituximab for the Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Maintenance of ANCA Vasculitis Remission by Intermittent Rituximab Dosing Based on B-cell Reconstitution vs a Serologic ANCA Flare
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in the Treatment of Good Prognosis Microscopic Polyangiitis
Salvage Therapy for Patients With Inadequate Response to Standard of Care Therapy in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Combined With Corticosteroids or Rituximab Monotherapy in Primary Membranous Nephropathy
Biosimilars of Rituximab in ANCA-associated Vasculitis Compared to the Originator (BRAVO): a CanVasc Multicentre Study
Who cites it
1,073 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,685 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review on the use of belimumab in other connective tissue diseases and vasculitides.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- The 2025 British Society for Rheumatology management recommendations for ANCA-associated vasculitis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Guideline
- Guideline
- A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Cotrimoxazole for infection prevention in glomerulonephritis treated with rituximab: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Integrative transcriptomic and machine learning analysis identifies PYCARD and IFI30 as immune-lysosomal biomarkers of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Therapy for kidney vasculitis in children during the acute phase and maintenance: updates and insights from new adult therapies.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Impact of frailty on prognosis in elderly patients with organ-threatening ANCA-associated vasculitis.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Prostatic Involvement in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report and Scoping Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Rituximab therapy achieves comparable remission to cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated vasculitis with severe kidney involvement.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Translating B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Targeting from Oncology to Autoimmunity: Modalities, Quantitative Bridging, and a Development Roadmap.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Advances in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Microscopic Polyangiitis With Pituitary Dysfunction and Spontaneous Renal Aneurysm Rupture.Journal of medical cases · 2026Article
- Identification of clinical-biological endophenotypes in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis using unsupervised machine learning: a real-world study.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- From ANCA-mediated vascular injury to coronary microvascular and myocardial involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: an immunocardiology perspective.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Rituximab-induced Acute Thrombocytopenia in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report of Two Cases.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Biosimilar Rituximab in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Compared to the Originator: A Multicenter Cohort Study.ACR open rheumatology · 2026Article
- Isolated nasal septal involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Radiologic features and literature review.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Article
1,013 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids have been the cornerstone of remission-induction therapy for severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis for 40 years. Uncontrolled studies suggest that rituximab is effective and may be safer than a cyclophosphamide-based regimen.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority trial of rituximab (375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks) as compared with cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for remission induction. Glucocorticoids were tapered off; the primary end point was remission of disease without the use of prednisone at 6 months.
resultsNine centers enrolled 197 ANCA-positive patients with either Wegener's granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis. Baseline disease activity, organ involvement, and the proportion of patients with relapsing disease were similar in the two treatment groups. Sixty-three patients in the rituximab group (64%) reached the primary end point, as compared with 52 patients in the control group (53%), a result that met the criterion for noninferiority (P<0.001). The rituximab-based regimen was more efficacious than the cyclophosphamide-based regimen for inducing remission of relapsing disease; 34 of 51 patients in the rituximab group (67%) as compared with 21 of 50 patients in the control group (42%) reached the primary end point (P=0.01). Rituximab was also as effective as cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with major renal disease or alveolar hemorrhage. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to rates of adverse events.
conclusionsRituximab therapy was not inferior to daily cyclophosphamide treatment for induction of remission in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be superior in relapsing disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Genentech, and Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00104299.)
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.