ArticleJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology2010
Correlation of viral load of respiratory pathogens and co-infections with disease severity in children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection.
Article in Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Clinical Severity and Co-Infection of Human Adenovirus With Other Respiratory Pathogens in Children.Journal of medical virology · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing the potential of upper respiratory tract point-of-care testing: a systematic review of the prognostic significance of upper respiratory tract microbes.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2017Pooled it
- Respiratory viral coinfection and disease severity in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2016Pooled it
- Single and multiple respiratory virus infections and severity of respiratory disease: a systematic review.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Clinical disease severity of respiratory viral co-infection versus single viral infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- The presence of fever in adults with influenza and other viral respiratory infections.Epidemiology and infection · 2017Trial
- Viruses as Sole Causative Agents of Severe Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Children.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Higher levels of mucosal antibody to pneumococcal vaccine candidate proteins are associated with reduced acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in young children.Mucosal immunology · 2015Trial
- Lessons learned from a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study with a iota-carrageenan nasal spray as medical device in children with acute symptoms of common cold.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2012Trial
- Human bocavirus in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2012Trial
- The oral nucleoside analogue inhibitor VV251 effectively inhibits coinfection by respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Incidence, viral etiology, and risk factors of wheezing in children under two years of age: findings from a low-income urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Viral Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Viral Coinfections as Factors Regulating Paediatric Disease Severity.Viruses · 2025Article
- Association of human adenovirus load and viral genotype diversity with respiratory disease severity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Severe Disease Among Children Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Respiratory syncytial virus: health burden, disease prevention, and treatment-recent progress and lessons learned.microLife · 2025Review
- Article
- Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Review
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical significance of viral load and co-infections in children with respiratory infections is not clear.
objectiveTo evaluate the correlation of viral load as well as viral and bacterial co-infections with disease severity in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). STUDY
designThis is a prospective study conducted in children admitted for LRTIs for two seasons. To determine viral and bacterial load of respiratory pathogens we performed multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction and semiquantitative bacterial cultures on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA).
resultsDuring the study period 244 (60%) children were hospitalized for LRTI with acute virus-induced wheezing and 160 (40%) for radiologic confirmed pneumonia. In the first NPA, viruses were identified in 315 (78%) of the 404 samples and bacteria in 198 (63.3%) of 311 samples. The viral load significantly decreased between the first and second NPA sample in most single and viral co-infections, except rhinovirus and human bocavirus infections. Viral load was inversely related to CRP in RSV infections, whereas a positive correlation was observed in adenovirus infections. Duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in RSV single infections compared to rhinovirus single infections whereas in the latter, leucocytosis and use of systemic steroids was more common. In RSV viral co-infections the presence of fever, leucocytosis, and the use of antibiotics was significantly more frequent. Positive cultures of Haemophilus influenzae dominated in RSV and rhinovirus single infections and Moraxella catarrhalis in RSV viral co-infections.
conclusionsSpecific viral single and co-infections as well as viral load contribute to disease severity in children with LRTIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.